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Robert Neff

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Robert Neff has authored and co-authored several books, including Letters from Joseon, Korea Through Western Eyes and Brief Encounters.

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Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 2

Ships in Mokpo Harbor circa 1910-1920s / Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffWhen Gertrude Margaret Bell, a 35-year-old English writer, traveler and archaeologist, visited Mokpo for an hour in May 1903, she was not impressed. In a letter, Bell explained that Leonard Hopkins (commissioner of customs at the port) and his Japanese wife, guided her “around to see the sights which are nonexistent” and that “main part of 'the City,' like all these Korean coast places, is Japanese.” She basically denounced Mokpo as “a place so small that it can scarcely be called a place at all.”However, for Joseph Hopper, a young American boy born in Korea two decades after Bell's visit, Mokpo was home and a place of great adventure ― especially when he went to the market:“From our home, walking into town was often through what Father nicknamed 'Pig alley,' a narrow, muddy, smelly, and crowded thoroughfare. This led into the city market, a large roofed area full of little stalls where merchants sold everything imaginable in the way of food, clothing, hardware, and

Dec 19, 2021By Robert Neff
Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 2
  • Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 1
Opinion

Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 1

Mokpo harbor in the early part of the 20th century / Robert Neff Collection.By Robert NeffSituated in the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula, Mokpo (named after its harbor and forests) is not a place often associated with Western communities in early 20th century Korea. However, there were a handful of missionaries and their families who lived and proselytized in this small port.It is through the youthful eyes of Joseph Barron Hopper that we will examine life at Mokpo a hundred years ago. Although it may seem unconventional, rather than refer to him as Hopper, I am going to use Joe as I feel ― considering he was only a child at the time ― it is more endearing and compliments his recollections. Joe was born on May 17, 1921 and for the first year of his life was described as being “somewhat of a tyrant at times” who demanded his American missionary parents to “stay awake and take commands from him” and thus depriving them of their Korean language study. He did, however, grow “more lenient in his rule” ― although there may have been some lapses

Dec 18, 2021By Robert Neff
Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 1
  • Childhood in Mokpo a century ago: Part 2
Opinion

Treasures along the Han River: Yangcheon

A view of the Han River from Mount Gung's Soaknu Pavilion in 2021   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIf you are a bicyclist and frequent the Han River bike lanes on the western side of Seoul, you have probably, unknowingly, passed Mount Gung and the remains of Yangcheon Fortress located at the foot of a hill. Few people, unless they live in the immediate area, are familiar with this little treasure trove along the Han River.Mount Gung is a small nondescript hill near the entrance (from the bike lanes) to Magok-dong. Although it is easily accessible, it is also easy to miss ― you actually have to be looking for it. I went in search of Yangcheon Fortress and must confess that at first I was a little disappointed. The fortress ― said to have been built during the Unified Silla era ― helped guard the river but, as with many things associated with Mount Gung, I could not find much information about its historical role. It is said that General Gwon Yul (the reason for my visit) stayed in the fortress for a few days prior to moving across the river to Haengju Mountain Fortress

Dec 12, 2021By Robert Neff
Treasures along the Han River: Yangcheon
Opinion

Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 3

The west gate of Seoul circa 1900s   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the previous article we ended as Captain Ferdinand H. Morsel arrived at the American legation to escort Dr. Horace N. Allen to the Korean Customs Office to treat the badly injured Korean prince. According to Allen's diary, “He was called ― from his home ― on the evening of the 5th to see Min Yeong-ik again, he was still at Mollendorff's and I saw him twice in the evening and once early the next morning. The afternoon of the 6th (Sat.) we were quietly enjoying our pleasant home when a messenger came from General Foote [Lucius Foote, the American Minister to Korea] telling us to come at once to their place. We did so and I returned for clothing after seeing Fannie [his wife] and the baby safe at the 'Top Side House' at the Legations where the Footes and Astons [British representative and his family], Mr. T. E. Hallifax and family, Townsend and family and Mr. John B. Bernadou who had charge of affairs.” Allen's diary supports some of Morsel's accounts. As Morsel had noted, on two occasions

Dec 11, 2021By Robert Neff
Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 3
  • Customs officers taking on a coup in 1884: Part 1
  • Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 2
Opinion

Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 2

Korean officials in the winter of 1883-84   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffOn Dec. 5 and 6, 1884, Seoul was a sea of chaos. As Captain Ferdinand H. Morsel and his two companions, Captain Fritz W. Schultz and Ernst Laporte, made their way warily through the streets, they were alarmed at how violent the “Land of the Morning Calm” had become.“As we passed from the wide street at the Great Bell into a small alley which leads into Pak-dong, then the headquarters of the Customs House, we were suddenly surprised by bearing the rush of a mob of yelling Koreans near us and soon saw a Japanese running for dear life into one of the small streets leading into Pak-dong with the yelling mass at his heels. In spite of his efforts to escape he was soon overtaken and fell a victim to the fury of the mob, as did so many others of his countrymen during that reign of terror.”The three men were able to make their way to the safety of the Customs House where they found their superior, Paul Georg von Mollendorff, his German assistant Henry George Arnous, James F. Mitc

Dec 5, 2021By Robert Neff
Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 2
  • Customs officers taking on a coup in 1884: Part 1
  • Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 3
Opinion

Customs officers taking on a coup in 1884: Part 1

The Customs House at Jemulpo in 1913   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffAt around five in the morning on Dec. 4, 1884, Capt. Ferdinand H. Morsel (a 39-year-old German national working for the Korean Customs at Jemulpo [modern Incheon] as a boat officer) noticed a detachment of Japanese soldiers and “many Japanese civilians, under arms, left for Seoul.” It was noteworthy but not overly alarming as rumors had been circulating in the port that there was a disturbance in the capital. Few, however, paid much attention as rumors of unrest and disturbances in Korea were quite common.Later, that evening, Morsel heard rumors ― originating from the residence and office of the senior Korean official of the port ― that there really was a disturbance in Seoul and that some of the Korean officials had been killed. Morsel contemplated notifying his superior, Alfred Burt Stripling (the Commissioner of Customs at the port), but decided against it as “he [Stripling] would be better informed than I.” He was wrong.On Thursday afternoon, at about 2:30 p.m., two German

Dec 4, 2021By Robert Neff
Customs officers taking on a coup in 1884: Part 1
  • Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 2
  • Coming to the rescue in 1884: Part 3
Opinion

Empress Myeongseong's Funeral procession: Part 3

Deoksu Palace circa 1910-20   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffOn Nov. 22, 1897, Empress Myeongseong was finally laid to rest in her tomb just outside of Seoul. The Independent ― a newspaper published in Seoul ― declared that the funeral was a “remarkable event [that] will never be forgotten by those who took part in it in any capacity.” It added, “We are glad the great function passed off without any hitch and that the weather was so favorable.”The newspaper, however, was not quite telling the truth. There had been many hitches both before and during the event.Shortly after her murder, the spirit of the empress was said to have grown restless and appeared in the room where her remains were kept. Two servants were literally frightened to death ― at least according to one newspaper account.When her remains were moved to Deoksu Palace in September 1896, there were further fatal incidents. A pallbearer was crushed while carrying the hearse and a small boy was killed as the procession passed the front of the palace. A couple of days later, the main be

Nov 28, 2021By Robert Neff
Empress Myeongseong's Funeral procession: Part 3
Opinion

Postcards Home from Korea

A postcard of the Seven Star Gate at Pyongyang in 1909 sent by Mary Armstrong to a friend   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffFor many Americans, the holiday season has begun. Millions of people ― despite the pandemic ― will travel throughout the United States to celebrate the holidays of Thanksgiving and Christmas with their families and friends. Considering this is the 400th article of this series and the start of the holiday season, I thought it would be nice to look at postcards sent by Americans in Korea to families back home.It is amazing how similar postcards from the past resemble postcards of the present (well, at least before the internet). In October 1921, a visitor to Seoul named Ruth jotted a quick note to her family in Fukuoka, Japan:“Dear Family, Wish you were here to go sightseeing with me. This is a pretty city, more American-like than Fukuoka. Enjoyed a trip uptown this p.m. found several things to take home. Beautiful linen suited for curtains, scarfs, etc. Cheap, if you want some I'll bring you a bolt.”A postcard of Mokpo in the 1900s 

Nov 27, 2021By Robert Neff
Postcards Home from Korea
Opinion

Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 2

The road leading to Empress Myeongseong's tomb in the early 1900s   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffThe funeral procession made its way through the city and out the East Gate where it slowly but steadily made its final push to the tomb site. As mentioned yesterday, the foreign representatives did not accompany the funeral procession so their accounts to their respective governments lacked any description of the procession's progress through the city and instead enclosed clippings from the English-language edition of The Independent.When the funeral procession reached the tomb site, the imperial coffin was placed in the main sacrificial building at the foot of the hill leading to the mausoleum. It remained here ― lying in this state ― until the emperor and the crown prince arrived and the final part of the funeral would be concluded.Emperor Gojong and the crown prince (guarded by Korean soldiers and four Russian non-commissioned officers) ― and accompanied by the foreign diplomats and their guests ― arrived a few hours later. The diplomats were each “provided with

Nov 21, 2021By Robert Neff
Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 2
  • Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 1
Opinion

Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 1

A funeral procession ― possibly Emperor Gojong's ― in 1919   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the fall of 1897, daily sacrifices were made at Deoksu Palace, officials ― in mourning dress ― were familiar sights in the streets, and the songs of the laborers were heard day and night as they constructed the items needed for the imperial funeral of Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), who had been assassinated in her palace just a little over two years earlier. Finally, on Saturday, Nov. 21, the final preparations were completed. The funeral, which was to begin at dawn on Sunday, promised to be blessed with balmy and bright weather. Crowds gathered in front of the palace and along the route leading to the imperial tomb. Gorgeous silk banners and pennants fluttered in the air and red, silk-covered lanterns lined the street leading from the palace to the East Gate (Dongdaemun).Throughout the night, officials, soldiers and residents waited in the streets for the funeral to begin. Of course, not everyone was idle.“Groups of lantern carriers sat under their silky illuminaries

Nov 20, 2021By Robert Neff
Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 1
  • Empress Myeongseong's funeral procession: Part 2
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