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Mark Peterson

Mark Peterson is associate professor of Korean, Asian and Near Eastern languages at Brigham Young University in Utah.

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Mark Peterson

What's left of Korean culture?

By Mark PetersonWith the loss of so-called “Korean age” that I've written about lately, I've started thinking about what else we've lost, and what we still have. Are some of these remaining cultural items on their way out, too? Are they still worth keeping? Or should some of them be next to throw out the window?To answer this question, I think of the set of cultural items tied up in a bundle that Koreans call “bu-gye sahoe” ― “patrilineal society.” Some refer to this bundle as “the patriarchy,” but sociologists look at these issues as part of what's called a patrilineal society. The first item in the bundle is inheritance. In a patrilineal society, inheritance is handed down through the male lines from father to eldest son. In a patrilineal society, males dominate in many other areas.Korea, from the late 17th century onward, developed into a completely perfected patrilineal organization with almost all social action dominated by the males ― for example, marriage was held at the groom's village, with brides coming from other villages and

Aug 8, 2023By Mark Peterson
What's left of Korean culture?
Mark Peterson

More on Korea's dual age system demise

By Mark PetersonI've been thinking more about the “Korean age,” “international age” issue. “Mannai” means “international age” in Korean. Another way to look at the two is to say “solar age” and “lunar age” or, more properly, one's age by the solar calendar and one's age by the lunar calendar. But I've been looking into the issue a little more, and I've found a couple of insights I'd like to share.I've been looking at what sorts of things are considered “whole” numbers, and what is considered fractional. In other words, things are numbered starting with the whole number “one,” and things are numbered starting with zero.I thought at one point that “Korean age” was based on a Chinese numeric system that did not have a zero. And that might be true, although at some point Chinese mathematics was influenced by Arabic numerals and the number zero made its appearance. But now I think it is more than that.I started by looking at Korean age as functioning like that of the reign years of

Jul 17, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

Good riddance to Korean age

By Mark PetersonAs a “cultural columnist,” I suppose I need to respond to the news of June 28, the date when Korea abandoned “Korean age” and adopted, officially, the age system used in the rest of the world ― “man-u-ro.”The story has even appeared on American television news. It's international news.I just learned that President Yoon Suk Yeol campaigned on a promise to make the international standard the standard in Korea. No more dual-age reckoning.So, congratulations to all my Korean friends. In one fell swoop, you've all become one or two years younger.Many people are confused about how the system works, and why it's a one-year difference at times and a two-year difference at other times. That part is quite clear, actually ― it's a two-year difference until your birthday, and then a one-year difference after that. But that is all by the board now.Laws do not change culture, at least not immediately. How long will we still hear the response to the age question with the old Korean answer, or with the two options answer? I suppose the simple answe

Jul 4, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

What I want to tell Confucian leadership of Korea

By Mark PetersonConfucianism in Korea is in sharp decline. I would like to speak to the Confucian Association leaders at some point, and when I do, I would like to point out several ways to save Confucianism from an ultimate demise ― which it seems to be racing toward.I have been surprised to see the number of negative comments about Confucianism that show up in the comments to my YouTube videos. I had not realized how negatively many people in Korea view Confucianism. But there is hope on the horizon, the way I see it.First of all, Confucianism is one of the five great “religions” in the world. Now, as soon as I say that, there are those who shout out that Confucianism is not a religion. Okay, that's an oft-heard argument, but I think Confucianists make a mistake to insist it is not a religion. Let's play a word game: let's not say “religion”, but let's say “belief system” ― we'll change the label on the box. What goes in the box labeled “belief system”? In Communist states, they say only Communism fits in the box ― and “religion

Jun 11, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

The lost opportunity of Korean language teaching

By Mark PetersonOn my recent trip to Korea, I had the privilege of sitting down with an old friend and “hubae,” Ross King, Ph.D. in linguistics from Harvard and professor at the University of British Columbia. We talked about the dismal standing of Korean Language Education (KLE) in North America.On the one hand, KLE in universities and high schools across the United States and Canada is booming, but on the other hand, we are light years behind our competitors, Japanese and Chinese language education.So, on the one hand, we've made great progress, but on the other hand, it's like we're proud to be running in the Boston Marathon with the big boys and we think we're doing great on the long stretch into Framingham ― doing great ― but then we find out Japanese and Chinese education are already in downtown Boston. They are at kilometer 38, and we are at kilometer 10. If that!Without more investments now, we ― and especially Korea ― are way behind and missing precious opportunities to create lifelong learners of Korean.Another way to gauge the situation is to look at two statis

May 7, 2023By Mark Peterson
The lost opportunity of Korean language teaching
Mark Peterson

Lessons from Jeong Mong-ju

By Mark PetersonOn my recent trip to Korea, I visited, for the first time, the grave of Jeong Mong-ju, the famous Goryeo official who chose to die rather than support the upstart Joseon Kingdom in 1392. It's always good to visit the site of important events like the homes or graves of important historical figures. I learned a lot from the visit.I learned several things about him from the visit to the gravesite. I even made a video about the visit for my Frog Outside the Well YouTube channel, as well. The first striking thing I found was that the tombstone there was very old-looking, and different from the ones from the Joseon Kingdom. The inscription praised Jeong Mong-ju as the “Defender of Goryeo” and said it was erected by ― to my surprise ― King Taejong, the man who, as Yi Bang-won, the crown prince, killed Jeong. I'm not sure whether he was personally involved in the actual killing, but it was under his direction that the assassination took place.I thought it remarkable that he who ordered the execution was the one who erected the memorial stone praising Jeong. Was t

Apr 3, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

The Korean family of the future

By Mark PetersonThe Korean family is changing. That might be the understatement of the decade. Given that fact, then what is it going to change into? It's hard to predict things like this, but there are some signs we can use for our divination.The impending formative issue is the low birth rate. Government leaders have proposed cash payments and loans to encourage people to have more children. I wrote last month about my observation that easier home buying might help ― and my article brought me several responses. Some agreed with me that home financing and home buying in Korea are more difficult than they should be. But others argued that deep attitudinal changes are necessary. Therein lies the rub. Deep attitudinal changes are hard to change.Nevertheless, let's look at the changes that have taken place and see if there might be any hope for the future. The most dramatic social or familial change I've seen has been, first, universal birth control and the attitude shift from the desire to have many children to the norm of having only two. Second has been the shift away from the &ldquo

Feb 28, 2023By Mark Peterson
The Korean family of the future
Mark Peterson

Home ownership and solving the marriage problem

By Mark PetersonIn my last article I wrote a semi-optimistic, semi-pessimistic piece about the new year. I was optimistic that it would be a post-pandemic year with opportunities. But I was pessimistic concerning Korea's population decline, specifically the trend of low marriage rates and the low birthrate. Subsequent to writing my article, in the Korea Times where my article was published, there was an article about government policies to increase population growth. The proposal, in effect, was for the government to pay couples to have children.One factor in the declining marriage rate is the difficulty in obtaining affordable housing. This might be an obvious solution and maybe there are financial and economic issues, which I don't pretend to fully understand, but it seems to me that Korea is in an economic situation where they can afford to provide long-term housing loans, like those found in the United States. The Korean banking system has initiated a long-term mortgage program but from people that I've talked to it doesn't seem to have caught on very well. Are the interest rates

Jan 31, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

Upcoming social developments in 2023

By Mark PetersonI'll leave the political forecasts to others, but I want to focus on social issues. Let's look at social trends and predict where things might go in 2023. And good riddance to 2022, a really awful year ― the third year of the COVID pandemic. Maybe I need to admit that this view of 2022 is highly subjective ― the fact that it is perhaps the final year of the pandemic is a positive thing ― if, indeed, it turns out to be the final year of the pandemic. There is hope, at this point, that 2023 will be a better year.So let's look ahead to 2023. This is not going to be hard to do ― the trends in Korea society are very clear. Some of these trends are easily judged as good developments, but others are clearly problematic.On the positive side first, there is obvious progress on the gender front. Some may disagree, but I see the advancement of women continuing apace in the new year. We see families are preferring daughters at the birth of a child now, in contrast to the traditional “son preference.” We see the trend in taking civil service and foreign service exams ―

Jan 5, 2023By Mark Peterson
Mark Peterson

New book on Korean history

By Mark PetersonI just returned to the States from a trip to Korea ― my first trip in exactly three years because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was an eventful and busy trip. I worked on a documentary film about the “miracle battalion” from Utah during the Korean War. I had meet-ups with my YouTube followers and made more videos with them. I attended two conferences on “Sijo” (a Korean traditional poetic form) and the spread of Sijo in America. But the events that kept me busiest were about the publication of my new book on Korean history ― “Views of Korean History by a Frog Outside the Well.”The book is in Korean, so writing about it in an English paper may not be of interest to many of our readers here, but if the Korean edition sells well, the publisher is talking about an English version down the road. The Korean edition is selling well ― in two weeks' time, it's gone into a third printing! That's good news.One of the enjoyable aspects of publishing a book in the popular market is that of having book signings ― I've published five academic books

Dec 4, 2022By Mark Peterson
New book on Korean history
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