The Korea Times

Treasures along the River: Anyang's Manan Bridge

Manan Bridge and its stele house in February 2023   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the late 19th century, there were not that many permanent bridges outside of Seoul and its immediate vicinity. Most of the larger rivers and streams were either crossed by small ferries or by temporary bridges ― the smaller bridges were made from pine branches and earth while the larger bridges were made from timber, trunks and branches from trees.During the rainy seasons, residents in the area would often dismantle the bridges to prevent them from being swept away by floods. James S. Gale, a missionary from Canada, explained that during “the 6th moon (of the lunar year) the (temporary bridges were) pulled up by official order, and (were) only replaced at about the beginning of the 9th moon.”Once the bridges were pulled up, travel in the interior became much more difficult as the travelers and their ponies were forced to wade through the water, which often resulted in an unwanted bath due to a misplaced step or slippery rock. Pedestrians and bicyclists share the single lan

Apr 2, 2023By Robert Neff

Treasures along the River: Anyang's Manan Bridge

Opinion

Treasures along the River: Guardian trees of Anyang

An image of the Grandfather Tree is seen on a nearby signboard at the site.By Robert NeffTrees are often in the background ― ignored as merely props and decorations ― in the image, but sometimes they are the story.  Robert Neff CollectionOn July 8, 1977, Mother Nature unleashed her fury upon the Anyang region with more than 46 centimeters of rain within a short period of time ― most of the rain fell in only five hours. The devastation was overwhelming as mudslides and floods destroyed villages, wiped away over 100 bridges and killed and injured hundreds of people.Very few places in the region escaped unharmed but no lives were lost in Sammak Village. Many people attribute this to the Grandfather and Grandmother Trees ― the village's two arboreal guardians. The Grandfather Tree, a zelkova, stands along one of the village's streams ― a position it has occupied for more than 500 years. A picture on a nearby signboard shows the tree in its former glory ― somewhat majestic with a canopy of leaves ― but my visit in early February revealed only the crippled remains, propped up and surr

Apr 1, 2023By Robert Neff

Treasures along the River: Guardian trees of Anyang

Opinion

Unrest on Island of World Peace in 1903

Over the last couple of decades, Jeju has often been called the Island of World Peace. But in the spring of 1903, it was anything but peaceful to the small Japanese community ― at least according to the Japanese press.

Mar 26, 2023By Robert Neff

Opinion

Horace N. Allen: Joseon's foreign royal physician

King Gojong in early 1884.  Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert Neff“The position of court physician [in the mid-1880s] was no sinecure,” especially if you were a foreigner, declared Horace N. Allen in one of his many publications of life in Korea.Allen's romanticized memories juxtaposed with the heroizing narrative of his biographer (Fred Harvey Harrington) provide an amusing ― if not exaggerated ― account of life as a foreign physician to the royal family.Allen was granted this powerful position, not because of his political connections, but because of his merit ― he had the expertise that was needed at the right time: He successfully nursed Min Yong-ik from his near-fatal injuries received during the failed Gapsin Coup in December 1884. Judging from Allen's diary, Prince Min was demanding, weak and whiny, and lacked moral fortitude and courage. Some may argue that Allen's observations were tinged with exaggeration (I am not sure why Allen would feel compelled to exaggerate in his own private diary), but I have little doubt Min was a most-trying patient. Allen's reputa

Mar 25, 2023By Robert Neff

Horace N. Allen: Joseon's foreign royal physician

Opinion

Horace N. Allen: Treating the masses

A pharmacy in Seoul in 1884   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the summer of 1884, Korea was not a place for casual tourists or globetrotters seeking to impress their peers. It was especially not for missionaries lacking conviction and courage. Commonly referred to as “The Hermit Kingdom,” the peninsula was in the vortex of change. Christianity was still barely tolerated; there was animosity and mistrust towards foreigners fueled by the brief and violent encounters with foreign nations ― France in 1866, the USA in 1871 and Japan in 1875. The peninsula was also gripped with a degree of political instability as evidenced by a bloody coup in 1882.Horace N. Allen, a missionary physician, was more than aware of the dangers he and his family faced but he felt compelled to answer his calling. He came to Korea not so much as a missionary to save immortal souls but as a physician to save mortal lives ― and perhaps make a buck or two.His arrival in Korea was well-timed. American Minister to Korea Lucius Foote (a “handsome old politician … in his declini

Mar 20, 2023By Robert Neff

Opinion

Moving back to Gyeongbok Palace

A photograph of Geunjeongjeon in Gyeongbok Palace taken by Percival Lowell in early 1884   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the final days of February 1885, Seoul was awash with activity. The main city streets (especially the street running between Gyeongbok and Changdeok palaces), notorious for being cluttered with squatters' shacks, unauthorized booths and extensions to the shops of merchants, were cleared out and all the debris was removed. The gutters ― infamous for the amount and type of nefarious waste they contained ― were also cleared. These were the preparations being made for March 3, when the king and the whole royal household would leave Changdeok Palace and move to the new palace (Gyeongbok) which they would henceforth occupy.The handful of Americans residing in Seoul were also busy preparing for the move. Horace N. Allen and his wife, Fannie, were provided access to the newly reconstructed palace a week or so earlier so that they could take some pictures.A photograph of King Gojong by Percival Lowell in early 1884   Robert Neff CollectionAllen'

Mar 5, 2023By Robert Neff

Opinion

19th-century Seoul's all-too-familiar history with fires

Gwanghwamun and its protectors ― mortal and immortal ― in the early 1900s  Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffOn the night of February 23, 1885, Seoul was visited by one of its most dangerous adversaries ― a fire! George C. Foulk, the American representative in Seoul, reported that a large “conflagration broke out” in a Korean government-owned lumberyard and warehouses just to the north of the American Legation. The buildings and a “quantity of valuable timber” were destroyed.The fire caused great unease amongst the Korean population, as well as the small foreign community. Fires, especially those at night and aided by a breeze, had a tendency to spread quickly from house to house and could easily destroy a large part of the city. It was expected that everyone capable of rendering aid would participate in fighting the fire ― not only was it a neighborly act, but also one of self-preservation. This fire, however, did not appear to be accidental and was believed to be the work of an arsonist. Foulk explained that “fires are not infrequently started a

Mar 4, 2023By Robert Neff

19th-century Seoul's all-too-familiar history with fires

Opinion

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 2

Not everyone was buried in royal splendor. Royal tombs near Goyang in 2017.   Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the 19th century, Korea was often referred to as the “Land of the Morning Calm” but it was far from accurate ― especially at night when it became a realm of loud mourning.Cemeteries are sacred ― the final resting place of those who have gone before us. They are filled with the spirits of the past ― some had an impact on society, politics, or history while others were simple affairs of people, parents, siblings, friends and lovers. But all were important and deserve remembrance ― even those of whom, through modern eyes, have sinned.Graves and cemeteries often captured the attention of early visitors to Korea. When John Carey Hall, an English diplomat traveled to Korea in the autumn of 1882 he was drawn to the subject of death and its role in Korean society. He declared that geomancy was “universal and deeply rooted in the Corean mind, and the object round which it centers is the tomb.”Considering he was only in Korea for a very short pe

Feb 28, 2023By Robert Neff

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 1

Opinion

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 1

A funeral procession in the late 19th or early 20th century.  Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffIn the 19th century, Korea was often referred to as the “Land of the Morning Calm” but it was far from accurate ― especially at night when it became a realm of loud mourning.In the early 1890s, George G. Gilmore, one of the first American teachers in Korea, wrote:“When a death occurs in any [Korean] family, the neighbors have no excuse for being ignorant of the fact. The women and girls and boys mourn in shrill and penetrating tones that reverberate through the night air with frightful distinctness.”He was not the only one to write about the mournful wailing. At the end of the cholera epidemic in 1895, Sally Sill (the wife of the American Minister to Korea) described in her journal the nights in Seoul: “[Cholera] seems to be abating, and the wailing of the mourners grows less. It is a weird kind of sound and we are glad enough not to hear so much of it.” Death was not always sudden and unexpected. When a person was at death's doorstep, they were o

Feb 26, 2023By Robert Neff

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 2

Opinion

Life in 1880s Russian Legation

People gather around a city well in Seoul, in this Russian postcard from the early 1900s. / Robert Neff CollectionBy Robert NeffThe Korean version of Dr. Sylvia Braesel's book, “Photos of a diplomatic life between Europe and East Asia: Carl von Waeber (1841-1910)” / Courtesy of Puringil Publishing Co.History often confines itself to narrating only the events surrounding key protagonists and antagonists, their exploits and faults and their eventual fates. But in my opinion, it is often the people surrounding these key figures who are the most interesting ― the ways in which they interact with our heroes and villains, the subtle (and, sometimes, not so subtle) influence they exert and their own deeds that are sometimes misappropriated by or misattributed to the powerful political player. Often these peripheral actors are family members and they are rarely mentioned in diplomatic documents or even in personal correspondence. It is as if they never existed.Nevertheless, they did exist. Sometimes all we have is a title such as the wife of so-and-so, or the son or daughter of s

Feb 18, 2023By Robert Neff

Robert Neff

Read more

Treasures along the River: Anyang's Manan Bridge

Treasures along the River: Guardian trees of Anyang

Unrest on Island of World Peace in 1903

Horace N. Allen: Joseon's foreign royal physician

Horace N. Allen: Treating the masses

Moving back to Gyeongbok Palace

19th-century Seoul's all-too-familiar history with fires

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 2

Land of Morning Calm mourns: Part 1

Life in 1880s Russian Legation

Top 5 stories