THURSDAY, Nov. 20, 2025

284-Roman General Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by the armies of the East and West after the death of Carinus at the Battle of the Margus

762-Khan of the Uyghurs, Bögü Qaghan, conquers Luoyang, the capital of the Chinese Empire

1695-Zumbi, the last King of the Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil and a former slave, is executed and decapitated, his head displayed on a pike to dispel any legends of his immortality

1815-Second Treaty of Paris: France has its borders reduced to those of 1790 and agrees to pay 700 million francs in indemnities to end the Napoleonic Wars

1945-The Nuremberg war trials begin as 24 Nazi leaders are put on trial before judges representing the victorious Allied powers

1979-First artificial blood transfusion occurs at the University of Minnesota Hospital in the US when a patient refuses a conventional blood transfusion due to religious beliefs and receives the blood substitute Fluosol

1980-United Nations Gulf War mediator Olof Palme makes first unsuccessful peace shuttle between Tehran and Baghdad

1986-World Health Organization announces first global effort to combat AIDS

1994-Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war

1997-Iraq's Revolution Command Council formally endorses an agreement, arranged by Russia, that enables U.N. weapons inspection teams to resume operations in Iraq

1998-Court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania