THURSDAY, Oct. 30, 2025

1340-Battle of Rio Salado (or Tarifa): King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile defeat Sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of Morocco and Yusuf I of Granada in the last Marinid invasion of the Iberian Peninsula

1899-Battle of Ladysmith: Boers defeat the British, leading to the Siege of Ladysmith in Natal

1905-Russian Tsar Nicholas II grants civil liberties and accepts the first Duma (Parliament) in the "October Manifesto"

1917-British government gives final approval to the Balfour Declaration

1968-Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Lars Onsager (thermodynamics)

1973-The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus for the first time

1974-Muhammad Ali KOs George Foreman in the 8th round in "The Rumble in the Jungle" in Kinshasa, Zaire, regaining the world heavyweight boxing title with the famous "rope-a-dope" tactic

1997-Argentine soccer star Diego Maradona announces his retirement from football on his 37th birthday