THURSDAY, Oct. 16, 2025

1813-Battle of Leipzig, the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I, sees Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria, and Russia

1900-Great Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Treaty, agreeing to maintain the territorial integrity of China and support the 'open door' policy called for by the US Secretary of State

1934-Mao Zedong and 25,000 troops begin their 6,000 mile Long March from the south of China to the north and west

1962-Cuban Missile Crisis begins as US President John F. Kennedy is shown photos confirming the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba

1978-Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla is elected Pope John Paul II

1998-Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a Spanish warrant requesting his extradition on murder charges