MONDAY, Oct. 13, 2025

54 -Agrippina the Younger murders her husband, Roman Emperor Claudius, with poison to secure the line of succession for her son Nero

1307-French King Philip IV has Grand Master Jacques de Molay and Knights Templar arrested and charged with idolatry and corruption

1884-International Meridian Conference in Washington DC establishes Greenwich in London, England as the universal time meridian of longitude

1924-Mecca falls without struggle to Saudi forces led by Abdulaziz Ibn Saud

1943-Italy declares war on former Axis partner Germany

1944-U.S. first army begins battle of Aachen, first German city captured during World War II

2010-Copiapó mining accident in Chile comes to a happy end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground