1066-Battle of Stamford Bridge: English army under King Harold II defeat invading Norwegians led by King Harald Hardrada and Harold's brother Tostig, who were both killed
1237-Treaty of York is signed between Kings Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland, establishing a boundary between the two countries (mostly unchanged in modern times)
1513-Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crosses the Isthmus of Panama, becoming the first European to see the Pacific Ocean
1789-U.S. Congress proposes the Bill of Rights
1906-Leonardo Torres Quevedo successfully demonstrates the Telekino in Bilbao before a large crowd, guiding a boat from the shore, considered the birth of remote control
1926-Henry Ford announces an eight-hour, five-day workweek for workers at Ford Motor Company
1957-18th Venice Film Festival: Influential Indian film "Aparajito," directed by Satyajit Ray, is the first film to win both the Golden Lion and the Critics' Award
1981-Sandra Day O'Connor is sworn in as the first female US Supreme Court Justice
2003-Magnitude 8.0 earthquake strikes just offshore of Hokkaidō, Japan