FRIDAY, Aug. 22, 2025

1485 -- Battle of Bosworth Field: Henry Tudor's forces defeat English King Richard III during last battle in the Wars of the Roses. Richard is killed, the last English monarch to die in battle.

1639 -- Madras (now Chennai), India, founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers

1642 -- English Civil War begins between Royalists and Parliamentarians

1775 -- King of Great Britain and Ireland, George III proclaims the American colonies to be in open rebellion and orders his officials to suppress it

1864 -- First Geneva Convention adopted in Geneva "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field" signed by 12 nations

2004-"The Scream" (1910 painted version) and "Madonna", two paintings by Edvard Munch, are stolen at gunpoint from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway.