TUESDAY, May 13, 2025

1787-First Fleet headed by Arthur Phillip sets sails with 11 ships of convicts for Botany Bay, Australia

1830-Republic of Ecuador is founded, with Juan Jose Flores as president

1940-Winston Churchill says "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat" in his first speech as Prime Minister to British House of Commons

1945-US troops conquer Dakeshi Okinawa

1981-Pope John Paul II is shot and critically wounded by Turkish gunman Mehmet Ali Ağca in St Peter's Square, Vatican City

1989-Approximately 2,000 students begin a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China to force a dialogue with the government ahead of a visit by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

2001-Silvio Berlusconi's right-wing "House of Freedoms" coalition wins the Italian general election

2005 -The Andijan Massacre occurs in Uzbekistan

2012-49 dismembered bodies are found on a Mexican highway as part of the Mexican drug war