THURSDAY, Nov. 9, 2023

1799 — Napoleon becomes dictator (1st consul) of France

1858 — First performance of NY Symphony Orchestra

1877 — American Chemical Society chartered in NY

1927 — Giant Panda discovered, China

1961 — PGA eliminates Caucasians only rule

1963 — 450 die in a coal-dust explosion & 160 die in train crash (Japan)

1982 — Sugar Ray Leonard retires for the first time

1984 — Vietnam Veterans Memorial ("3 Servicemen") completed

1985 — Gary Kasparov (USSR) becomes World Chess Champion at age of 22

1988 — MLB All-Star team beat Japan 8-2 in Nishinomya, (Game 4 of 7)

1989 — East Berlin opens its borders

1990 — President Bush announces DOUBLING of U.S. forces in Gulf