FRIDAY, Oct. 20, 2023

1600 — Battle of Sekigahara sets Tokugawa clan as Japan's rulers (shoguns)

1803 — U.S. Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase

1818 — 49th parallel established as the border between U.S. & Canada

1883 — Treaty of Ancon, Peru cedes Tarapaca to Chile

1903 — U.S. wins disputed boundary between the District of Alaska & Canada

1929 — Bayshore Highway opens (SF)

1944 — U.S. forces under Gen Douglas MacArthur return to the Philippines

1960 — First fully mechanized post office opened, Providence, RI

1963 — South Africa begins trial of Nelson Mandela & 8 others on conspiracy

1973 — OPEC oil embargo begins

1979 — John F Kennedy Library dedicated in Boston

1988 — Britain ends suspects right to remain silent in crackdown on IRA

1990 — Antiwar protest marches begin in 20 U.S. cities (US-Iraq)