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FRIDAY, April 11, 2025

1783-Hostilities formally cease in the American Revolutionary War after the Continental Congress proclaims the "Cessation of Arms" against His Britannic Majesty 1814-Napoleon Bonaparte abdicates unconditionally and is exiled to the island of Elba in the Mediterranean 1868-The Shogunate is abolished in Japan 1955-Chartered Air India plane the "Kashmir Princess" is bombed and crashes into the South China Sea in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by a Kuomintang secret agent 1968-U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the 1968 Civil Rights Act 1979-Tanzanian army captures Kampala, the capital of Uganda forcing Ugandan dictator Idi Amin to flee into exile in Libya 2015-Barack Obama and Raúl Castro meet in Panama, the first meeting of US and Cuban heads of state since the Cuban Revolution

Apr 9, 2025

THURSDAY, April 10, 2025

1407-Lama Deshin Shekpa visits the Ming Dynasty capital at Nanjing and is awarded the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma 1516-Venice compels Jews to live in a specific area, establishing the first Jewish ghetto 1815-Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies experiences a cataclysmic eruption, one of the most powerful in history, killing around 71,000 people, causes global volcanic winter 1858-"Big Ben," a 13.76 tonne bell, is recast at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry 1972-The U.S., USSR and 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons at the Biological Weapons Convention 1991-Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is awarded to John Updike for novel "Rabbit At Rest" 1998-The Good Friday Agreement [Belfast Agreement] for Northern Ireland is signed by the British and Irish governments

Apr 9, 2025

WEDNESDAY, April 9, 2025

1731-British mariner Robert Jenkins' ear is cut off by Spanish Guarde Costa in the Caribbean, catalyst for a later war between Britain and Spain 1768-John Hancock refuses to allow two British customs agents to go below deck of his ship, considered by some to be the first act of physical resistance to British authority in the colonies 1865-Confederate General Robert E. Lee and 26,765 troops surrender at Appomattox Court House to US Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War in North Virginia 1869-Hudson Bay Company cedes its territory to Canada 1981-U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington rams Japanese freighter Nisso Maru, sinking the civilian ship in the South China Sea 1989-Washington, D.C. march supporting 1973 Roe vs Wade decision (allow abortions) 1992-John Major elected prime minister of the United Kingdom after his Conservative Party wins the most votes in British electoral history 2003-Baghdad falls to US forces, ending the invasion of Iraq, resulting in widespread looting

Apr 8, 2025

TUESDAY, April 8, 2025

1767-Ayutthaya kingdom in present-day Thailand falls to Burmese invaders 1820-The famous ancient Greek statue, Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos 1886-William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons. 1898-Battle of Atbara River: Anglo-Egyptian forces defeat 15,000 Sudanese during the Mahdist War, a turning point in the reconquest of Sudan 1913-China's National Assembly opens in Peking, the first free democratic parliament in Chinese history 2004-The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the Conflict in Darfur is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups, ending hostilities amid a 45 day ceasefire

Apr 7, 2025

TUESDAY, April 8, 2025

1767-Ayutthaya kingdom in present-day Thailand falls to Burmese invaders 1820-The famous ancient Greek statue, Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos 1886-William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons. 1898-Battle of Atbara River: Anglo-Egyptian forces defeat 15,000 Sudanese during the Mahdist War, a turning point in the reconquest of Sudan 1913-China's National Assembly opens in Peking, the first free democratic parliament in Chinese history 1968-New socialist constitution of East Germany takes effect 2004-The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement on the Conflict in Darfur is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups, ending hostilities amid a 45 day ceasefire

Apr 7, 2025

MONDAY, April 7, 2025

1948-World Health Organization is formed by the United Nations 1954-U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in a news conference is first to voice fear of a "domino-effect" of communism in the Indo-China region 1968-Riots continue in over 100 US cities following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 1969-The Internet's symbolic birth date: publication of RFC 1 1976-Chinese Politburo fires vice-premier Deng Xiaoping 1990-John Poindexter (US National Security Advisor) found guilty of five counts of lying to Congress and obstruction regarding the Iran-Contra scandal 1994-Beginning of the Rwandan Genocide; the Presidential Guard begins killing moderate politicians and public figures in Kigali, including Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana

Apr 6, 2025

FRIDAY, April 4, 2025

1581-Francis Drake knighted by Queen Elizabeth I aboard his galleon "Golden Hind" at Deptford, England 1655-Battle at Postage Farina, Tunis: English fleet defeats Barbary pirates 1789-First U.S. Congress begins regular sessions during George Washington's presidency at Federal Hall, NYC (ends 1791) 1949-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty signed in Washington, D.C. 1968-U.S. civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee 1973-World Trade Center, then the world's tallest building, opens in New York (110 stories). Later destroyed in 9/11 terrorist attacks. 1975-Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800

Apr 3, 2025

THURSDAY, April 3, 2025

1367-An alliance of King Peter of Castile, Edward the Black Prince and John of Gaunt of England, Aquitaine, Majorca and Navarra defeats Count Henry of Castile in the Battle of Navarrete, fought near Nájera in La Rioja, Castile 1645-English Long Parliament passes the Self-Denying Ordinance, limiting regional armies, significant step toward New Model Army 1860-Start of the Pony Express, delivers mail by horse and rider relay teams between St Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California 1922-Joseph Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Russian Communist Party by an ailing Vladimir Lenin 1948-U.S. President Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan to rebuild war-torn Western Europe after World War II, granting an initial $5 billion in aid to 16 European countries 1958-Fidel Castro's rebels attack Havana 1973-First mobile phone call is made in downtown Manhattan, NYC by Motorola employee Martin Cooper to the Bell Labs headquarters in New Jersey 2016-Panama Papers published - 11.5 million confidential documents from offshore law firm Mossack Fonseca expose widespread illegal activities includi

Apr 2, 2025

MONDAY, March 31, 2025

1856-The Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Great Britain, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia sign the Treaty of Paris ending the Crimean War 1867-The United States buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (109 million in 2018 dollars), roughly 2 cents an acre 1870-The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is adopted, guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of race 1959-Dalai Lama flees China and is granted political asylum in India 1972-Northern Ireland's government and parliament are dissolved by the British government, and direct rule from Westminster is introduced 2023-Key figures in Artificial Intelligence including Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak sign an open letter warning the race to develop AI systems is out of control and asking for a suspension of at least six months

Mar 30, 2025

THURSDAY, March 20, 2025

1345-Conjunction of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, thought by scholars at the University of Paris to be the "cause of the plague epidemic" known as the Black Death. Actual cause was the bacterium yersinia pestis spread by fleas, rats and other animals.

Mar 19, 2025
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