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THURSDAY, Aug. 14, 2025

1281-During Kublai Khan's second Mongol invasion of Japan, his invading Chinese fleet of 3,500 vessels disappears in a typhoon near the Japanese coast 1842-Second Seminole War declared over by US Army Colonel Worth after nearly seven years; more than 3,000 Seminole Nation survivors relocated from Florida to Oklahoma, with only about 300 allowed to remain [1] 1945-V-J Day, the Empire of Japan surrenders unconditionally to the Allies, ending World War II (August 15 in Japan and other countries depending on the time zone) 1947-Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom 1969-British Army deploys on the streets of Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of Operation Banner 1980-17,000 workers go on strike at Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, marking the beginning of the Solidarity movement 1984-IBM releases PC DOS version 3.0 1989-President P. W. Botha of South Africa resigns 1997-Convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh formally sentenced to death by Oklahoma Court of Appeals

Aug 13, 2025

WEDNESDAY, Aug.13, 2025

1521-Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés capture Aztec Emperor Cuauhtémoc in Tenochtitlan, marking the end of the Aztec Empire 1536-Buddhist monks from Kyōto's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance (Traditional Japanese date: July 27, 1536) 1642-Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens discovers Mars' southern polar cap 1788--Prussia joins the Anglo-Dutch alliance to form the Triple Alliance to prevent the spread of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788-90 1937-Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces begin the Battle of Shanghai, a conflict that will last 3 months and involve 1 million troops 1942 -The Manhattan Project commences under the direction of U.S. General Leslie Groves with the aim of developing an atomic bomb 1993-Hotel in Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand, collapses, 114 killed 2016-British super-star Mo Farah wins 1st leg of 5,000/10,000m double (repeat of London 2012) in 27:05.17 in the 10k at the Rio de Janeiro Olympics; Kenya's Paul Tanui wins silver just 0.47 behind

Aug 12, 2025

TUESDAY, Aug. 12, 2025

1121-Battle of Didgori: Georgian army under King David the Builder wins a decisive victory over the renowned Seljuk commander Ilghazi 1480-Ottoman troops conquer Otranto in southern Italy after a 15-day siege, killing 12,000, enslaving 5,000, and beheading 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam 1851-American inventor Isaac Singer patents his famous sewing machine 1908-Ford Motor Company builds its first Model T car, which Henry Ford himself first tests on a hunting trip to Wisconsin and northern Michigan 1981-Don Estridge unveils the company's first personal computer, the IBM PC, at New York’s Waldorf Hotel. Priced at $1,565 with 16 kilobytes of RAM, it helps bring computing to the masses 1990-Iraqi President Saddam Hussein says he is ready to resolve Gulf crisis if Israel withdraws from occupied territories

Aug 11, 2025

MONDAY, Aug. 11, 2025

1945-Allies refuse Japan's offer to surrender on the condition that Emperor Hirohito retains his status 1954-Formal peace treaty ends over 7 yrs of fighting in Indochina between the French and the Communist Viet Minh 1988-Al-Qaeda formed at a meeting between Osama Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Dr Fadl in Peshawar, Pakistan 2003-NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year history 2003-A heat wave in Paris results in temperatures rising to 112°F (44° C), leaving about 144 people dead.

Aug 10, 2025

MONDAY, Aug. 11, 2025

1945-Allies refuse Japan's offer to surrender on the condition that Emperor Hirohito retains his status 1954-Formal peace treaty ends over 7 yrs of fighting in Indochina between the French and the Communist Viet Minh 1988-Al-Qaeda formed at a meeting between Osama Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Dr Fadl in Peshawar, Pakistan 1989-Voyager 2 discovers two partial rings of Neptune 2003-NATO takes over command of the peacekeeping force in Afghanistan, marking its first major operation outside Europe in its 54-year history

Aug 10, 2025

THURSDAY, Aug. 7, 2025

1461-Ming Dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor 1714-Battle of Gangut: Russian Navy wins its first major victory during the Great Northern War against Sweden 1782 Commander of the Continental Army, George Washington, creates two Honorary Badges of Distinction and a Badge of Military Merit (now the Purple Heart). First time military awards are presented to common soldiers. 1933-Iraqi government forces slaughter over 3,000 Assyrians in the village of Simele in northern Iraq, commemorated as Assyrian Martyrs' Day 1955-Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering, the precursor to Sony, begins selling its first transistor radios in Japan 1990-U.S. deploys troops to Saudi Arabia, beginning Operation Desert Shield

Aug 6, 2025

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 6, 2025

1661-Treaty of The Hague is signed, whereby the Dutch Republic sells New Holland (Brazil) to Portugal for 63 tonnes of gold 1890-Murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair, at Auburn Prison in New York 1945- Atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the US B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay" 1964-Pope Paul VI publishes encyclical Ecclesiam Suam 1965-U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act, prohibiting voting discrimination against minorities 1990-President Ghulam Ishaq Kahn dismisses Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in Pakistan 1991-Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web and debuts WWW as a publicly available service on the Internet 1992-The U.S. track team sweeps the medals in the long jump at the Barcelona Olympics as Carl Lewis wins gold (28 feet, 5 1/2 inches), Mike Powell silver and Joe Greene bronze 1993-Japan Hosokawa government begins 2020-COVID-19 detected cases in Africa pass 1 million with 21,983 deaths

Aug 5, 2025

FRIDAY, Aug. 8, 2025

1509-Emperor Krishnadeva Raya is crowned, marking the beginning of the rejuvenation of the Vijayanagara Empire in southern India 1609-The Venetian Senate examines Galileo Galilei's telescope 1786-U.S. Congress unanimously chooses the dollar as the monetary unit for the United States of America 1945-Soviet Union declares war against Japan in World War II and invades Manchuria the next day 1974-U.S. President Richard Nixon announces he will resign at 12 p.m. the next day 1988-Ceasefire between Iran and Iraq takes effect after 8 years of war

Aug 4, 2025

TUESDAY, Aug. 5, 2025

910-The last major Viking army to raid England is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward and Earl Æthelred 1305 Scottish resistance leader William Wallace is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London for trial and execution 1583-Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland for the British crown, the first English colony in North America and the beginning of the British Empire 1716 Battle of Petrovaradin [Peterwardein]: Habsburgs under Eugene of Savoy defeat the Ottomans in a decisive victory 1864-Battle of Mobile Bay won by the Union Navy, led by Rear Admiral David Farragut with the cry "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" 1953-Operation "Big Switch"; Korean War prisoner exchanged at Panmunjom 1997-Korean Air 747 with 331 aboard crashes in Guam; 29 survive

Aug 4, 2025

MONDAY, Aug. 4, 2025

1558-First printing of Zohar in Spain, popularizes Jewish study of Kabbalah 1821-Russian Antarctic expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen returns to Kronstadt after becoming the first to circumnavigate Antarctica 1914-U.S. President Woodrow Wilson issues his "Proclamation of Neutrality" to keep the United States out of the war in Europe 1942-First train with Jews departs Mechelen, Belgium for Auschwitz 1944-Anne Frank is arrested in Amsterdam by German Security Police (Grüne Polizei) following a tip-off from an informer who is never identified 1993-Rwandian Hutus and Tutsis sign peace treaty in Arusha, Tanzania

Aug 3, 2025
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