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30 years after OECD: Time to move beyond Korea’s developmental state

This year marks the 30th anniversary of Korea’s accession to the OECD. The OECD has assessed that Korea has achieved substantial quantitative growth, with per capita GDP approaching the OECD average, an improvement in addressing inequality and an overall rise in the quality of life, as reflected in longer life expectancy. The Korean economy achieved compressed growth through the developmental state model. In the 1960s, the government protected and nurtured infant industries. In the 1970s, it shifted toward export-heavy and chemical industries, creating an industrial structure centered on family-run conglomerates. Samsung, which began in the fertilizer industry, expanded into electronics. LG built the foundation for its electronics business with the help of the government’s radio distribution movement and import restrictions. Hyundai moved into the automobile and shipbuilding industries, based on national infrastructure construction, while Hanjin, after accumulating logistics experience during the Vietnam War, acquired Korean Air. From the 1980s onward, the government focused on fost

1h agoBy Lee Nae-chan
30 years after OECD: Time to move beyond Korea’s developmental state
Tribune Service

Leftist ‘martyr’ now tries to save his own rear

Many progressives elevated accused killer Luigi Mangione to folk-hero status after he was arrested and accused of gunning down a health insurance executive in cold blood in New York City in late 2024. The horrifically twisted theory is that executing business executives should be celebrated if it seemingly advances some left-wing cause du jour. But it’s quite telling how this leftist vigilante has now gone weak-kneed when it comes to sacrificing for his misguided cause. On Wednesday, CBS News reported that Mangione’s defense “will argue that he was suffering from an extreme emotional disturbance” when he killed Brian Thompson, the CEO of UnitedHealthcare. This could allow a jury to convict him on the lesser charge of manslaughter. It’s not an insanity defense, but it is an effort to blame psychiatric problems for Mangione’s actions. “It seems like they are giving up the question of who did it,” legal expert Richard Schoenstein told the network. “This is a defense when you are conceding that he is the person who pulled the trigger. You’re not fighting that anymore. Yo

6h ago
Michael Breen

Bye-bye left and right: Korea's politics needs a new vocabulary

If you have been following the protests at Seoul's Olympic Park over election mishandling, you will know that the protesters insist they are neither left nor right. Many commentators have welcomed this as evidence of a younger generation's independence from old political loyalties. I think the protesters are onto something more profound: a reality that much of political commentary has yet to recognize. The routine description of Korean politics as a contest between a progressive left and a conservative right no longer describes what is happening. More accurately, it never really did. The two main sides in politics today are descendants not so much of competing ideologies as of two political tribes that originated in historical circumstances that have largely disappeared. A generation ago, when many of today's political leaders were university students, Korean politics was defined by two intersecting divisions. The first separated an authoritarian government that claimed Korea was a "liberal democracy" from a democratic opposition determined to make it one. The ruling establishment justifi

1d agoBy Michael Breen
Bye-bye left and right: Korea's politics needs a new vocabulary
Tribune Service

Missouri's costly cut to young readers

When it comes to preparing young children for successful lives, few factors weigh more heavily than early reading. A Harvard Graduate School of Education study found that reading to children starting very early — even as babies — gives them measurable advantages later over those who don’t have that exposure. The American Academy of Pediatrics reports that “reading together with infants and young children … lays the groundwork for school readiness and long-term benefits throughout life.” Providing kids with that early benefit is surely even more crucial in a state like Missouri, with its chronically underfunded and underperforming education system. Yet, in the latest stark illustration of the skewed priorities of our state’s leaders, Missouri’s new budget guts a nationally lauded, modestly priced book-gifting program for young kids to achieve $4 million in savings — an inconsequential sum in the state’s bigger budget picture. Gov. Mike Kehoe and the Legislature can and must undo this shortsighted mistake. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library is a renowned program that

1d ago
Tribune Service

Ukraine’s cheap drones and combat robots offer hope for the good guys

When Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Washington and Europe expected a quick Russian victory. Russia’s population was more than three times that of Ukraine, its military four times larger and gross domestic product 10 times bigger. The power imbalance was just too great. That Russia was entirely in the wrong meant little. Any realist would tell you Ukraine would fall. Then President Volodymyr Zelenskyy refused to flee, and Russia couldn’t take Kyiv. Observers decided that Ukraine just might be able to stave off defeat, as long as generous U.S. military assistance kept coming. Ukraine faced steep losses but stayed in the fight. Then Donald Trump returned to the U.S. presidency in January 2025. He had spent years blaming Ukraine for being invaded and covering for Vladimir Putin’s war crimes, so it now seemed inevitable that U.S. support would end and Ukraine would lose. U.S. assistance nearly dried up, and Trump pressed Zelenskyy to accept Putin’s terms. Observers in Washington and European capitals began to debate exactly how much territory Uk

1d agoBy Elizabeth Shackelford
Ukraine’s cheap drones and combat robots offer hope for the good guys
Park Jung-won

Fake news: Paradox of democracy

Korea was once regarded as one of Asia’s most remarkable success stories. Having endured Cold War division, authoritarian rule and a difficult transition to democracy, it came to symbolize the possibility that political freedom and economic prosperity could advance together. Today, however, Korea has entered an age of deep distrust. Public debate has become increasingly polarized. Questions surrounding the integrity of electoral administration continue to fuel public controversy and deepen political distrust. Trust in the media, the judiciary and public institutions has weakened. How can democratic debate function when citizens no longer trust the same institutions or even agree on the same basic facts? In many respects, that may be the most serious challenge facing Korean democracy today. The government has identified false and manipulated information as a serious threat to democracy and has moved toward stronger regulation. The revised Information and Communications Network Act, scheduled to take effect in July, includes penalties for the circulation of false or manipulated informat

1d agoBy Park Jung-won
Fake news: Paradox of democracy
Min Seong-jae

Problem of combating fake news in a globalized world

Korea has engineered some of the most stringent anti-fake news measures among the world's democracies. Recent revisions to election laws impose severe fines and prison terms on those who create or distribute political deepfakes during election campaigns. Other legislation allows courts to impose substantial punitive damages on those who deliberately spread false information. In addition, Korea's long-standing defamation laws punish individuals who disseminate false information that harms others' reputations and, in some cases, even truthful statements deemed damaging. These laws target not only organizations but also individual creators and distributors of misinformation. Together, they reflect Korea's broader willingness to regulate harmful information that threatens the healthy functioning of democracy. Given the seriousness of misinformation in modern society, such laws are understandable and, in many respects, necessary. During elections, false information can distort public understanding, manipulate voters and undermine trust in democratic institutions. Yet these measures have al

1d agoBy Min Seong-jae
Problem of combating fake news in a globalized world
Guest Columns

South Korea, Australia can learn from each other over nuclear submarine pathways

Australia and South Korea are both acquiring nuclear-powered attack submarines, a parallel step-change in their conventional deterrent capability. Though their discrete pathways to realise this common goal reflect different strategic circumstances and problems, they can still usefully learn from each other’s experience and cooperate. Viewed from Australia, where AUKUS still stirs controversy five years after the tripartite initiative was announced, South Korea’s recently announced framework to acquire nuclear powered submarines is a refreshing contrast. Unlike Australia, which is acquiring 2 different types of nuclear-powered submarine in close partnership with the U.S. and U.K., President Lee Jae Myung’s administration is seeking a largely made-in-Korea solution, with limited assistance from the U.S. To be fair, Seoul had no other realistic choice. Despite claims by U.S. President Donald Trump that Korea’s future nuclear submarines would be built in Philadelphia, following the surprise announcement on the sidelines of last October’s APEC summit in Gyeongju, Seoul has since pi

2d agoBy Euan Graham
South Korea, Australia can learn from each other over nuclear submarine pathways
Tribune Service

Cognition for sale

DUBAI—In his seminal 1956 paper “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two,” American psychologist George Miller made a deceptively simple argument: our working memory can hold only seven pieces of information at once. In effect, Miller identified a hard constraint on the human mind’s processing capacity, showing that short-term cognition operates within surprisingly narrow limits. At roughly the same time, the Nobel laureate economist Herbert A. Simon arrived at a strikingly similar conclusion. His theory of bounded rationality held that decision-makers never optimize in the sense that classical economics imagines, because cognition itself is a scarce resource. Faced with more variables than they can simultaneously process, human beings do not search for the best possible answer. Instead, they settle for an answer that is good enough within the limits of their cognitive resources. As Simon put it, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.” In the 1980s, educational psychologist John Sweller pushed this logic further with his cognitive load theory. Sweller

2d agoBy Sami Mahroum
Cognition for sale
Guest Columns

Culture to security: The strategic evolution of Korea-Indonesia relations

For many Indonesians, Korea first arrived through the infectious beats of K-pop, the emotional hooks of K-dramas and the overarching phenomenon of the Korean wave, also known as hallyu. The establishment of the Korean Cultural Center in Jakarta in 2011 institutionalized these connections, introducing the Korean language, arts and cinema to a wider Indonesian audience. Today, however, the relationship is entering a fundamentally different phase. President Prabowo Subianto’s historic state visit to Seoul from March 31 to April 2 marked an important milestone in the evolution of bilateral relations. During the visit, both countries agreed to elevate their ties from a Special Strategic Partnership to a Special Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. This upgrade signals a deeper, far more calculated commitment to security and economic resilience. The upgrade represents far more than a diplomatic gesture. It reflects a growing recognition in both Jakarta and Seoul that traditional trade frameworks are no longer sufficient to navigate modern geopolitical realities. The state visit yielded 16

2d agoBy Rika Mayasari Harahap
Culture to security: The strategic evolution of Korea-Indonesia relations
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Desk Columns

Olympic Park rallies: Peace is more powerful than violence

Korea’s younger generations have demonstrated how collective action can unite a community rather than divide it. Their creative, caring rallies offer a glimpse of hope in an increasingly fragmented world. While protesting what they view as violations of citizens’ voting rights in the June 3 local elections, they have organized rallies that are interactive and engaging. At Olympic Park in Seoul’s southern Songpa District, tens of thousands of citizens — many in their 20s and 30s — have gathered daily since June 4, the day after local elections were held nationwide. They chant slogans urging politicians to overhaul the National Election Commission (NEC) and demanding that local elections be redone. Instead of carrying professionally printed banners, many participants hold handwritten signs. When the rallies conclude, volunteers collect trash and clean the venue, helping to keep the area safe and welcoming. Olympic Park has evolved into a caring community. A man who introduced himself as having a science Ph.D. offers free math tutoring to school-age children accompanying their par

4 MIN READBy Kang Hyun-kyung

Second female PM

Timing is often an unruly thing. Many pundits have stressed the importance of timing in life. What I mean to say is, it is high time that Korea usher in another woman into a higher government office. The nation produced its first female president, Park Geun-hye, who served from 2013 until her disgraceful removal from office in 2017, and its first female prime minister, Han Myeong-sook, who served in the Roh Moo-hyun administration from 2006-07. Han Seong-sook, the current minister of SMEs and startups, has been tapped to become the next prime minister by President Lee Jae Myung. If she passes muster at the parliamentary hearings — which she did once before assuming the small and medium-sized enterprises ministership by promising, among other things, to sell off some of her real estate — she will become the second woman to become prime minister in Korean history. As Korea shifts gears to go headlong into the era of artificial intelligence (AI), Han's earlier career at IT company Naver is key. Her business background is different from the two women, Park and Han Myeong-sook who were

3 MIN READBy Kim Ji-soo

When nobody wants a piano anymore

I was in the fourth grade when my parents bought me a piano. I had been taking lessons for two years and wanted one desperately. When it arrived in the room I shared with my brother, I felt as if I had the whole world. Part of the excitement came from the sense of privilege. Few children in my class had a piano at home, and I suddenly became one of them. The instrument my parents bought was not new. It was a secondhand upright piano. Yet that hardly mattered to me. What mattered was that I finally had a piano to practice on — and, to be honest, to show off to friends who visited me at home. That sense of pride stayed with me for years. In fact, the piano remained in my childhood room longer than I did. When I left home for college, it stayed. When I graduated from graduate school and started working, it was still there. In 2008, when I was 28, the piano moved to my aunt's apartment in Seoul, where it served her two children, then ages 7 and 10, who were learning to play. Years later, she passed it on to an acquaintance. Three years ago, another piano entered my life. An acquaintance of

3 MIN READBy Kim Se-jeong

Staunch president, docile diplomats

For decades, Korea’s foreign policy establishment has prided itself on caution, restraint and alliance management. Its diplomats often described these traits as sophisticated — the habits of a mature middle power navigating a dangerous neighborhood. Yet the recent handling of the Israeli seizure of aid vessels carrying two Korean activists exposed the dark underbelly of that carefully cultivated image: a culture of bureaucratic self-preservation that too often mistakes timidity for prudence. The situation revealed not only a disagreement over diplomatic tactics, but the widening gap between a Korean public that increasingly demands a confident, sovereign foreign policy and the entrenched elite in those circles who are conditioned to avoid discomfort at almost any cost. In particular, the episode highlighted the contrast between political pressure for transparent and assertive action and the instinctive caution of Korea’s traditional diplomatic establishment. Figures such as National Security Adviser Wi Sung-lac and Second Vice Foreign Minister Kim Jina symbolize this mindset, whi

3 MIN READBy Shim Jae-yun

Guest Columns

  • 30 years after OECD: Time to move beyond Korea’s developmental state

    This year marks the 30th anniversary of Korea’s accession to the OECD. The OECD has assessed that Korea has achieved substantial quantitative growth, with per capita GDP approaching the OECD average, an improvement in addressing inequality and an overall rise in the quality of life, as reflected in longer life expectancy. The Korean economy achieved compressed growth through the developmental state model. In the 1960s, the government protected and nurtured infant industries. In the 1970s, it shifted toward export-heavy and chemical industries, creating an industrial structure centered on family-run conglomerates. Samsung, which began in the fertilizer industry, expanded into electronics. LG built the foundation for its electronics business with the help of the government’s radio distribution movement and import restrictions. Hyundai moved into the automobile and shipbuilding industries, based on national infrastructure construction, while Hanjin, after accumulating logistics experience during the Vietnam War, acquired Korean Air. From the 1980s onward, the government focused on fost

    2 MIN READBy Lee Nae-chan
  • South Korea, Australia can learn from each other over nuclear submarine pathways

    Australia and South Korea are both acquiring nuclear-powered attack submarines, a parallel step-change in their conventional deterrent capability. Though their discrete pathways to realise this common goal reflect different strategic circumstances and problems, they can still usefully learn from each other’s experience and cooperate. Viewed from Australia, where AUKUS still stirs controversy five years after the tripartite initiative was announced, South Korea’s recently announced framework to acquire nuclear powered submarines is a refreshing contrast. Unlike Australia, which is acquiring 2 different types of nuclear-powered submarine in close partnership with the U.S. and U.K., President Lee Jae Myung’s administration is seeking a largely made-in-Korea solution, with limited assistance from the U.S. To be fair, Seoul had no other realistic choice. Despite claims by U.S. President Donald Trump that Korea’s future nuclear submarines would be built in Philadelphia, following the surprise announcement on the sidelines of last October’s APEC summit in Gyeongju, Seoul has since pi

    4 MIN READBy Euan Graham

Tribune Service

  • Leftist ‘martyr’ now tries to save his own rear

    Many progressives elevated accused killer Luigi Mangione to folk-hero status after he was arrested and accused of gunning down a health insurance executive in cold blood in New York City in late 2024. The horrifically twisted theory is that executing business executives should be celebrated if it seemingly advances some left-wing cause du jour. But it’s quite telling how this leftist vigilante has now gone weak-kneed when it comes to sacrificing for his misguided cause. On Wednesday, CBS News reported that Mangione’s defense “will argue that he was suffering from an extreme emotional disturbance” when he killed Brian Thompson, the CEO of UnitedHealthcare. This could allow a jury to convict him on the lesser charge of manslaughter. It’s not an insanity defense, but it is an effort to blame psychiatric problems for Mangione’s actions. “It seems like they are giving up the question of who did it,” legal expert Richard Schoenstein told the network. “This is a defense when you are conceding that he is the person who pulled the trigger. You’re not fighting that anymore. Yo

    2 MIN READ
  • Missouri's costly cut to young readers

    When it comes to preparing young children for successful lives, few factors weigh more heavily than early reading. A Harvard Graduate School of Education study found that reading to children starting very early — even as babies — gives them measurable advantages later over those who don’t have that exposure. The American Academy of Pediatrics reports that “reading together with infants and young children … lays the groundwork for school readiness and long-term benefits throughout life.” Providing kids with that early benefit is surely even more crucial in a state like Missouri, with its chronically underfunded and underperforming education system. Yet, in the latest stark illustration of the skewed priorities of our state’s leaders, Missouri’s new budget guts a nationally lauded, modestly priced book-gifting program for young kids to achieve $4 million in savings — an inconsequential sum in the state’s bigger budget picture. Gov. Mike Kehoe and the Legislature can and must undo this shortsighted mistake. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library is a renowned program that

    3 MIN READ
  • Ukraine’s cheap drones and combat robots offer hope for the good guys

    4 MIN READBy Elizabeth Shackelford

Columnists

  • Michael Breen

    Michael Breen is the CEO of Insight Communications Consultants, a public relations company, and author of "The Koreans" and "Kim Jong-il: North Korea's Dear Leader."

  • Park Jung-won

    Park Jung-won, Ph.D. in law from the London School of Economics (LSE), is a professor of international law at Dankook University.

  • Min Seong-jae

    Min Seong-jae (smin@pace.edu) is a professor of communication and media studies at Pace University in New York.

  • Song Kyung-jin

    Song Kyung-jin led the Institute for Global Economics (IGE), based in Seoul.

  • Chun In-bum

    Chun In-bum is the former commander of the Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command.

  • Choo Jae-woo

    Choo Jae-woo is a professor at Kyung Hee University. The views expressed here are the author's own and do not reflect the editorial direction of The Korea Times.