Korea aims to underpin recovery, strengthen fiscal health in 2023 budget
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The government said Tuesday it plans to focus its fiscal policy for next year on propping up Korea's economic recovery and strengthening its fiscal soundness amid mounting national debt.
Under the 2023 budget guidelines, approved by the Cabinet, the government plans to normalize COVID-19 related emergency spending to pre-pandemic levels and make efforts to secure fiscal space to support the new policy goals of the incoming government, according to the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Government ministries and agencies will use the guidelines to draw up their spending plans by the end of May for the 2023 national budget. But details could be changed later in line with policy objectives to be laid out under the incoming Yoon Suk-yeol administration.
Korea has maintained an expansionary fiscal policy and drawn up seven extra budgets to cope with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the country's national debt has increased at a fast pace and its fiscal deficit has sharply widened.
The country drew up a record high national budget of 607.7 trillion won ($496 billion) for 2022. In February, it created this year's first extra budget of 16.9 trillion won to support merchants hit by the pandemic.
Under the 2021-25 fiscal management plan unveiled in August last year, the government set the growth rate of its total expenditure at 5 percent for next year, down from an 8.3 percent year-on-year gain for 2022.
The finance ministry did not mention an "active" fiscal role in mapping out the 2023 budget guidelines. The government rather said its fiscal spending will be focused on cementing the economic recovery and stabilizing people's livelihoods.
Korea plans to foster the tourism and content industries to underpin the recovery of domestic demand, and support plans to diversify export items and destinations amid global supply chain disruptions. It will also pump up efforts to curb inflation and support job creation in the private sector.
The economy faces growing uncertainty at home and abroad amid the spread of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and surging energy costs driven by Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
The Bank of Korea (BOK) forecast Asia's fourth-largest economy to grow 3 percent this year after a 4 percent expansion last year. The BOK raised its 2022 inflation outlook to 3.1 percent from 2 percent last month as inflationary pressure has built up amid the economic recovery and soaring energy costs.
The ministry said it plans to "overhaul" the expenditure structure next year to maintain fiscal sustainability amid growing national debt.
To this end, the country plans to withdraw emergency measures adopted to respond to the pandemic and curtail discretionary expenditure by more than 10 trillion won.
To strengthen fiscal soundness over the medium term, the government plans to draw up next year's budget in a way that respects a proposed fiscal rule that is still pending National Assembly approval.
In 2020, the finance ministry proposed a fiscal framework that would limit the country's debt to 60 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) or its fiscal deficit to 3 percent starting in 2025.
The national debt is forecast to reach 1,075.7 trillion won this year, marking the first time that the debt will exceed 1,000 trillion won.
The debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to rise to a record high 50.1 percent this year and the fiscal deficit is likely to reach 70.8 trillion won, equivalent to 3.3 percent of GDP.
President-elect Yoon has criticized the government's fiscal rule for being "not realistic," given the fast growth of state debt. He vowed to push for a new fiscal rule during the first year of his five-year term.
Yoon also promised to spend 50 trillion won to compensate merchants for their losses caused by virus curbs. To finance the program, he vowed to resort to a cut in nonessential spending rather than a debt sale.
The presidential transition team "strongly" urged the government to draw up another extra budget. But the finance ministry has opposed the creation of this year's second extra budget before President Moon Jae-in's term ends in May. (Yonhap)