By Niall Ferguson
I am a middle-class Scotsman, so at school I played rugby. One day, a new scholarship boy arrived at the Glasgow Academy. He was tall for his age, and his working-class roots had given him an aptitude for verbal and physical violence. He walked with a swagger we looked upon with awe. This magnificent specimen's only defect was that he knew not a single rule of rugby.
In the course of his first appearance in the school's colors, however, he swiftly proved this ignorance was no handicap. So large was he, and so aggressive, that all we had to do was give him the ball and point him in the right direction. He broke rule after rule. He passed forward. He tackled high. He tackled off the ball. For all of this, he was penalized. It didn't matter. Every time he got the ball, he scored. I can still remember the sight of him rampaging towards the other side's try line, utterly unstoppable.
I learned an important lesson that day: while the rules may apply to us all, they do not constrain us all equally.
I have been reminded of my old school friend by the latest antics of U.S. President Donald Trump. Over the past week _ indeed, over the past year _ Trump has broken one political rule after another. "When I signed up to be a conservative," an eminent Washington think tanker said recently to me, "I thought conservatism stood for free trade, fiscal responsibility and personal character." He might have added firmness towards dictators.
In fairness to Trump, he is not the first Republican president to impose tariffs on imports, to run a very large budget deficit and to agree to meet a communist tyrant. Both Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford imposed tariffs in the name of national security. Both Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush ran substantial fiscal deficits. And if Trump goes to Pyongyang, there will be an unmistakable echo of Nixon's famous trip to Beijing in 1972.
Nevertheless, there is a near-universal consensus among political commentators that Trump is breaking all the rules. By announcing tariffs on steel and aluminum, he will not only hurt all those sectors of the U.S. economy that depend on those imports, but also risks plunging the world into a protectionist trade war, destroying the liberal international order.
By agreeing to meet the North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un, he is falling into a trap other presidents were prudent enough to avoid, for Kim will claim a diplomatic victory _ "See! The dotard treats me as an equal!" _ and then cheat on any deal, as his father did in the 1990s.
To seasoned observers of Washington life, this really is a shocking way to run an administration. Most shocking of all is not so much the policy as the way it gets made. Gary Cohn's departure last week as Trump's chief economic adviser was just one of the latest in a succession of exits from the White House. This is not the way it's supposed to work. By year two of any administration, the adults are supposed to have taken charge.
Yet these commentators increasingly remind me of the rugby referees of my schooldays, blowing their whistles in impotent exasperation as the tallest player on the field ran amok.
To give Trump his due, he is capable of self-mockery. His speech at the recent Gridiron Club dinner might equally well have been delivered by Alec Baldwin, whose career has been invigorated by his Trump impersonation on "Saturday Night Live."
"I won't rule out direct talks with Kim Jong-un," Trump said, "I just won't. As far as the risk of dealing with a madman is concerned, that's his problem not mine."
Here is a man who glories in breaking the rules, because that is how he rules.
Notice, too, that in the middle of this comedy routine, Trump revealed exactly what he was planning to do with North Korea. "By the way," he told his audience, "a couple days ago they said, ‘We would like to talk,' and I said, ‘So would we, but you have to de-nuke, you have to de-nuke.' So let's see what happens ... We will be meeting and we'll see if anything positive happens." Not a single news outlet got the joke that this wasn't a joke. Not until Thursday, when the South Koreans announced that Trump really had agreed to meet Little Rocket Man did the penny drop. So much for fake news. He gave them real news _ and they all missed it.
Of course, this could all end in just the kind of train-wreck plus dumpster-fire predicted ad nauseam by the president's critics. But consider, if you dare, what a future historian might one day write: "President Trump had no experience in foreign affairs, but he soon grasped how disastrously his predecessor had bungled the North Korean nuclear threat. He applied sustained pressure on Pyongyang, directly through new U.N.-mandated sanctions, and indirectly by menacing China with threats of military action or a trade war.
"In March 2018, he stepped up the pressure by announcing new tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. These tariffs would have hurt America's allies more than China, but Beijing got the message. Xi Jinping was well aware a trade war directed by the U.S. against China would hurt China much more than the U.S., potentially reducing Chinese exports to America by as much as 20 percent.
"The president's critics were stunned by the subsequent U.S.-North Korean Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, signed in Pyongyang in 2019, and utterly dumbfounded by the 2020 Chinese-American Trade Agreement, which committed China to eliminate the bilateral trade deficit by the end of his second presidential term."
Could it happen? I know it seems fanciful _ and will be dismissed by some readers as an indefensible defense of a rule-breaking ruler. But, as I said, Nixon imposed a 10 per cent tariff on nearly all imports in August 1971. He went to Beijing in February 1972. And he won a landslide victory in November of that same year.
Rules are there to be broken, in diplomacy as much as in rugby.
Niall Ferguson is the Milbank Family senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford. Copyright belongs to the South China Morning Post.
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In the course of his first appearance in the school's colors, however, he swiftly proved this ignorance was no handicap. So large was he, and so aggressive, that all we had to do was give him the ball and point him in the right direction. He broke rule after rule. He passed forward. He tackled high. He tackled off the ball. For all of this, he was penalized. It didn't matter. Every time he got the ball, he scored. I can still remember the sight of him rampaging towards the other side's try line, utterly unstoppable.
I learned an important lesson that day: while the rules may apply to us all, they do not constrain us all equally.
I have been reminded of my old school friend by the latest antics of U.S. President Donald Trump. Over the past week _ indeed, over the past year _ Trump has broken one political rule after another. "When I signed up to be a conservative," an eminent Washington think tanker said recently to me, "I thought conservatism stood for free trade, fiscal responsibility and personal character." He might have added firmness towards dictators.
In fairness to Trump, he is not the first Republican president to impose tariffs on imports, to run a very large budget deficit and to agree to meet a communist tyrant. Both Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford imposed tariffs in the name of national security. Both Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush ran substantial fiscal deficits. And if Trump goes to Pyongyang, there will be an unmistakable echo of Nixon's famous trip to Beijing in 1972.
Nevertheless, there is a near-universal consensus among political commentators that Trump is breaking all the rules. By announcing tariffs on steel and aluminum, he will not only hurt all those sectors of the U.S. economy that depend on those imports, but also risks plunging the world into a protectionist trade war, destroying the liberal international order.
By agreeing to meet the North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un, he is falling into a trap other presidents were prudent enough to avoid, for Kim will claim a diplomatic victory _ "See! The dotard treats me as an equal!" _ and then cheat on any deal, as his father did in the 1990s.
To seasoned observers of Washington life, this really is a shocking way to run an administration. Most shocking of all is not so much the policy as the way it gets made. Gary Cohn's departure last week as Trump's chief economic adviser was just one of the latest in a succession of exits from the White House. This is not the way it's supposed to work. By year two of any administration, the adults are supposed to have taken charge.
Yet these commentators increasingly remind me of the rugby referees of my schooldays, blowing their whistles in impotent exasperation as the tallest player on the field ran amok.
To give Trump his due, he is capable of self-mockery. His speech at the recent Gridiron Club dinner might equally well have been delivered by Alec Baldwin, whose career has been invigorated by his Trump impersonation on "Saturday Night Live."
"I won't rule out direct talks with Kim Jong-un," Trump said, "I just won't. As far as the risk of dealing with a madman is concerned, that's his problem not mine."
Here is a man who glories in breaking the rules, because that is how he rules.
Notice, too, that in the middle of this comedy routine, Trump revealed exactly what he was planning to do with North Korea. "By the way," he told his audience, "a couple days ago they said, ‘We would like to talk,' and I said, ‘So would we, but you have to de-nuke, you have to de-nuke.' So let's see what happens ... We will be meeting and we'll see if anything positive happens." Not a single news outlet got the joke that this wasn't a joke. Not until Thursday, when the South Koreans announced that Trump really had agreed to meet Little Rocket Man did the penny drop. So much for fake news. He gave them real news _ and they all missed it.
Of course, this could all end in just the kind of train-wreck plus dumpster-fire predicted ad nauseam by the president's critics. But consider, if you dare, what a future historian might one day write: "President Trump had no experience in foreign affairs, but he soon grasped how disastrously his predecessor had bungled the North Korean nuclear threat. He applied sustained pressure on Pyongyang, directly through new U.N.-mandated sanctions, and indirectly by menacing China with threats of military action or a trade war.
"In March 2018, he stepped up the pressure by announcing new tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. These tariffs would have hurt America's allies more than China, but Beijing got the message. Xi Jinping was well aware a trade war directed by the U.S. against China would hurt China much more than the U.S., potentially reducing Chinese exports to America by as much as 20 percent.
"The president's critics were stunned by the subsequent U.S.-North Korean Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, signed in Pyongyang in 2019, and utterly dumbfounded by the 2020 Chinese-American Trade Agreement, which committed China to eliminate the bilateral trade deficit by the end of his second presidential term."
Could it happen? I know it seems fanciful _ and will be dismissed by some readers as an indefensible defense of a rule-breaking ruler. But, as I said, Nixon imposed a 10 per cent tariff on nearly all imports in August 1971. He went to Beijing in February 1972. And he won a landslide victory in November of that same year.
Rules are there to be broken, in diplomacy as much as in rugby.
Niall Ferguson is the Milbank Family senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford. Copyright belongs to the South China Morning Post.
