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Tue, October 3, 2023 | 08:55
Editorial
Hideous housing fraud
[사설 읽기] 끔찍한 전세 사기
Posted : 2023-04-21 17:06
Updated : 2023-04-21 17:07
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Government must rush to relieve penniless victims
정부, 자산 잃은 피해자 구제 서둘러야


"I'm sorry, Mom… but please send me 20,000 won ($15)."
"미안해요, 엄마… 2만원만 보내주세요."


That's the message left by a victim of a home rental scam before committing suicide recently.
최근 한 전세 사기 피해자가 스스로 목숨을 끊기 전 남긴 메시지다.


The man in his 20s was so squeezed that he couldn't even pay for water and gas. His wallet contained only 2,000 won. Two other young people facing the same predicament have taken their own lives.
이 20대 남성은 수도세와 가스비조차 내지 못할 정도로 재정이 팍팍했다. 지갑에는 고작 2000원이 들어 있었다. 같은 곤경에 처한 다른 두 청년 역시 스스로 목숨을 끊었다.


These three were the casualties of a rental scam masterminded by a 60-something known as the "Building King" who is now in jail. Led by the Building King, a group of fraudsters bought 2,700 flats with bank loans, swelled their prices by conspiring with brokers and leased the mortgaged homes at higher prices, raking in 12.5 billion won.
이 세 사람은 현재 감옥에 있는 "빌라왕"으로 알려진 한 60대가 주도한 전세 사기의 희생자였다. "빌라왕"을 필두로 은행 대출로 주택 2700채를 사들인 사기 일당은 부동산 중개업자들과 공모해 집값을 부풀리고 담보로 잡은 주택을 더 비싸게 임대해 125억 원을 가로챘다.


The fraudsters were unable to repay their bank loans as housing prices plunged amid the prolonged property market slump. Some 690 homes have been auctioned off. Little money is left after the homes are sold at auctions and bank loans are paid off. Tenants are evicted from their rented homes, unable to retrieve their deposit money. It was this dire situation that drove the victims to take their own lives. About 2,000 more homes will be auctioned off to repay the bank loans their owners used to buy them.
부동산 시장 침체가 장기화되면서 집값이 폭락하자 사기꾼 일당은 은행 대출금을 갚지 못했다. 약 690채의 주택이 경매로 넘어갔다. 주택을 경매에서 팔아 은행 대출금을 갚은 후 남은 돈은 거의 없다. 세입자는 임대 주택에서 쫓겨나고 보증금을 반환 받을 수 없게 되었다. 이 끔찍한 상황이 희생자들이 스스로 목숨을 끊게 만들었다. 약 2,000채가 주택 소유자가 주택 구입에 사용한 은행 대출금 상환을 위해 경매에 부쳐질 예정이다.


Behind all this is a unique home rental system prevalent in Korea. Known as "jeonse," tenants do not pay monthly rent in this leasing scheme, but provide landlords with a deposit, called key money, worth at least half or more of the property's value. Landlords keep the returns from their investment and repay the lump sum when the tenancy is renewed or terminated after two years.
해당 사건의 이면에는 한국에서 보편적인 독특한 주택 임대 시스템이 있다. "전세"로 알려진 이 임대 방식에서는 임차인이 월세를 내지 않고 집주인에게 적어도 집값의 절반 이상에 해당하는 보증금을 낸다. 집주인은 투자 수익을 본인이 회수하고 2년 후 임대차 계약을 갱신하거나 종료할 때 보증금을 일시불로 상환한다.


Jeonse spread widely as a form of private financing, as Korea's rapid industrialization in the 1970s relocated farmers to cities. It was difficult for working-class families to borrow from banks, and interest rates were nearly 20 percent per annum then. The system had some positive sides for cash-short landlords and homeless tenants. A half-century later, various side effects occurred, such as deposit money exceeding home prices amid the sagging property market ― and the ongoing housing fraud.
전세는 1970년대 한국의 급속한 산업화로 농부들이 도시로 이주하면서 사금융의 형태로 널리 퍼졌다. 중산층 가정이 은행에서 대출 받기가 어려웠고 당시 이자는 연 20%에 육박했다. 전세 제도는 현금이 부족한 집주인과 집이 없는 세입자에게 긍정적인 측면이 있었다. 반세기가 지난 지금 부동산 경기가 침체된 가운데 집값을 초과하는 전세 보증금과 계속되는 주택사기 등 각종 부작용이 나타나고 있다.


On Tuesday, tens of thousands of such tenants gathered to mourn the dead and launch a national organization to deal with the "social disaster." They called on the government to present fundamental solutions. We agree. The fraud was possible due to the collaboration of many groups ― swindlers, amoral real estate agents, cursory property appraisers and risk-blind lenders. On top of them were financial supervisors and property market overseers, who should have clogged the loopholes of the loose rental system, which cannot stand without trust among all parties involved.
화요일에는 피해를 입은 세입자 수만 명이 모여 숨진 피해자들을 추모하고 "사회적 재난"에 대처하기 위한 전국적 조직을 발족했다. 이들은 정부에 근본적인 해결책 제시를 촉구했다. 동감한다. 사기꾼, 비도덕적인 부동산 중개업자, 형식적인 부동산 감정인, 위험을 모르는 채권자 등 다수 집단이 협력했기 때문에 전세 사기가 가능했다. 이들 배후에는 당사자들 간의 신뢰 없이는 유지가 불가능한 느슨한 임대 시스템의 허점을 막아야 했던 금융 감독관과 부동산 시장 감독관이 있었다.


It would be unfair to say the government has done nothing. After the first signs appeared five months ago, it lowered the lending rate for crunched tenants and provided temporary dwellings for evictees. However, the new bank loans were beyond the reach of most tenants due to strict terms and the alternative homes were too small and far away.
정부가 손을 놓고 있었다고 말하는 것은 부당할 것이다. 5개월 전 첫 징후가 나타난 뒤 삶이 부서진 세입자들을 위해 대출 금리를 낮추고 퇴거를 앞둔 이들에게 임시 거주지를 제공했다. 그러나 새로운 은행 대출은 조건이 엄격하고 대체 주택이 너무 작고 멀어서 대부분의 세입자들에게 접근성이 낮았다.


Moments before the launch of the tenants' association, the government belatedly asked lenders to put off auctions for a few months. But it was a step to earn time and prevent further tragedy. The policymakers must find ways to return deposits to tenants by, for instance, having state financiers buy these homes and turn them into public leases.
정부는 피해자 위원회 발족을 앞두고 뒤늦게 채권자들에게 경매를 몇 달 연기해 달라고 요청했다. 하지만 시간을 벌고 더 이상의 비극을 막기 위한 조치였다. 정책 입안자들은 국가 자본으로 이러한 주택을 구입하고 이를 공공 임대로 전환하는 등 세입자에게 보증금을 돌려줄 방법을 찾아야 한다.


In the long term, the government needs to rebuild the home lease system by phasing out jeonse and shifting to monthly rentals. In the longer term, the establishment must make a society where homes are not something that must be had by all means, but places in which to live.
장기적으로 정부는 전세를 단계적으로 폐지하고 월세로 전환해 주택 임대 체제를 재정비해야 한다. 더 장기적으로 기득권층은 집이 반드시 소유해야 하는 것이 아니라 생활하는 곳이 되는 사회를 만들어야 한다.

2023년 4월 20일 (목) The Korea Times 사설

KEY WORDS
■ penniless 무일푼인, 몹시 가난한
■ take one's own life 자살하다
■ mastermind (복잡한 일을 계획하고) 지휘[조종]하다
■ evict (주택이나 땅에서) 쫓아내다
■ retrieve 되찾아오다[회수하다]
■ terminate 끝나다, 종료되다
■ sag 약화되다
■ fraud 사기(죄)
■ clog 막다
■ phase out ~을 단계적으로 폐지하다

사설 원문 보기


Emailywjeon@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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