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Fri, January 27, 2023 | 20:01
Lifestyle
Some languages survive colonialism, while others go extinct
사라지는 언어와 살아남는 언어
Posted : 2021-11-17 09:38
Updated : 2021-11-23 16:12
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Chinese newspapers with front-pages showing Chinese President Xi Jinping attending the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, at a newspaper stall in Beijing, China, on Nov. 12. EPA-Yonhap
Chinese newspapers with front-pages showing Chinese President Xi Jinping attending the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, at a newspaper stall in Beijing, China, on Nov. 12. EPA-Yonhap

By Kang Hyun-kyung


James Griffiths' new book, "Speak Not: Empire, Identity and the Politics of Language," released on Oct. 21 by Zed Books/Bloomsbury, deals with the rare but grave topic of the survival and extinction of minority languages in times of historical turmoil.
지난 10월 21일 제드 북스⋅블룸스베리에서 출간된 제임스 그리피스의 새 책 ‘말하지 마세요: 제국, 정체성, 그리고 언어의 정치(가제)'는 역사적 혼란 속 소수 집단 언어의 생존과 멸종이라는 희소하지만 중대한 주제를 다룬다.


The fate of minority languages, to a large extent, hinges on the determination of people to protect their language and their persistent, unwavering efforts to make that happen, as seen in the Welsh nationalists' successful movements to preserve their language, the book argues.
이 책은 소수 집단 언어의 운명은 자신들의 언어를 보호하려는 투지와 자신들의 언어를 보존한 성공적인 움직임을 보인 웨일스 민족주의자들에게서 보였듯 이를 실현하려는 지속적이고 흔들림 없는 노력에 크게 달렸다고 주장한다.


According to the author, colonialism and imperialism are two formidable forces behind the killing and dying out of minority languages. "The loss of linguistic diversity is not merely an intellectual tragedy but a continued consequence of colonialism and imperialism as groups are forcibly assimilated and their diverse histories, cultures and tongues wiped out," Griffiths observes in the book.
작가에 의하면 식민주의와 제국주의는 소수 언어 사멸과 소멸 뒤에서 작동하는 큰 두 가지 힘이다. 그리피스는 책에서 "언어 다양성의 소실은 단순히 지적인 비극일 뿐만 아니라 민족들이 강압적으로 동화되고 다양한 역사, 문화, 언어가 완전히 파괴되는 지속적인 식민주의와 제국주의의 결과"라고 말한다.


Examining the challenges facing three minority languages ― Welsh, Hawaiian and Cantonese ― and their communities' respective responses to these challenges in his thorough analysis and interpretation of the relevant historical events that resulted in the endangered status of those languages, Griffiths reaches the conclusion that "language revitalization" is the result of community members' coordinated, tenacious and willful endeavors to keep using their tongue against all odds.
언어 멸종 상태로 이어진 역사적 사건에 대한 면밀한 분석과 해석에서 웨일스어, 하와이어, 광둥어의 세 가지 소수어가 직면한 문제와 그 문제에 대한 각 공동체의 반응을 조사한 그리피스는 ‘언어 활성화'는 모든 역경에 맞서 자신들의 언어를 계속 사용하려는 공동체 구성원의 협력적이고 집요하며 의지 가득한 노력의 결과라는 결론에 이른다.


Griffiths discusses three Welsh nationalists of the 20th century, namely, Saunders Lewis, Lewis Valentine and D.J. Williams, whose actions for change contributed to saving the Welsh language from the English government's efforts to Anglicize its colonial territories.
그리피스는 변화를 위한 행동으로 식민 영토를 영국식으로 만들려는 영국 정부의 노력으로부터 웨일스어를 지키는데 기여한 20세기 세 웨일스 민족주의자, 손더스 루이스, 루이스 발렌타인, D.J. 윌리엄스에 대해 이야기한다.


The three served prison terms in return for their action to preserve their mother tongue, and their sufferings later led to the Act of 1942, which secured the right of Welsh-speaking people to testify in the Welsh language in courts in Wales.
모국어를 보존하기 위한 행동에 대한 대가로 치른 이들 세 명의 수감 생활과 이들의 고통은 이후 1942년 법 제정으로 이어져 웨일스어를 사용하는 사람들이 웨일스 법원에서 웨일스어로 증언할 권리를 확보했다.

KEY WORDS
■ extinction 멸종
■ turmoil 혼란
■ hinge on ~에 달려있다
■ assimilate 동화되다
■ wipe out ~을 완전히 파괴하다
■ tenacious 집요한


기사 원문 보기

Emailywjeon@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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