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Sun, June 11, 2023 | 06:25
Economy
Few feel benefits of $28,000 in GNI
작년 1인당 국민소득 2만8천弗 7.6%↑…성장률은 3.3%
Posted : 2015-03-25 16:10
Updated : 2015-03-26 16:49
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By Choi Kyong-ae

Korea's per capita gross national income (GNI), a key indicator of the population's purchasing power, reached $28,180 in 2014, up $2,001 from a year earlier, the Bank of Korea (BOK) said Wednesday.

The revised gross domestic product (GDP) growth came in at 3.3 percent last year, compared with a 2. 9 percent gain the previous year, it said.

But people will not feel the rise in per capita income because it came as a result of the won's gain against the dollar, the bank said.

"Last year, the won rose by nearly 4 percent against the dollar compared to a year earlier. The GNI growth was not due to increases in salaries but due to the won's strength," Samsung Futures currency analyst Jeon Seung-ji said.

The won remained strong against the greenback last year compared to other currencies such as the euro and the yen. The dollar traded at a weaker average of 1,053 won in 2014 compared with the previous year's average of 1,095 won, she said.

Hana Daetoo Securities analyst Soh Jae-yong echoed Jeon's view, saying companies didn't invest, nor increase wages for their employees last year due to lingering economic uncertainties. "Consumers remained passive in spending as housing and other living costs continued to rise despite frozen wages."

Meanwhile, the BOK said in a statement that GDP growth last year resulted from improved exports.

Despite increases in GDP and GNI, Korea is struggling with a lack of spending and the weaker price competitiveness of Korean products in global markets this year due to the won's slower weakening against the dollar compared to the yen and other currencies, analysts said.

The economic outlook for this year may change given current market conditions.

In January, the BOK projected the economy to grow by 3.4 percent, down from 3.9 percent; while its inflation projection fell to 1.9 percent from 2.4 percent. In December, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance projected economic growth of 3.8 percent and inflation of 2 percent this year. The ministry may revise down the figures later this year, they said.

The central bank looks set to lower the forecast next month given Governor Lee Ju-yeol's comments earlier this month. He didn't expect the economy to recover enough to meet the bank's growth and inflation forecasts due to declining exports, weak spending and a lack of facility investment so far this year.

For March, the BOK cut the benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to an all-time low of 1.75 percent after a 50 basis point cut in two steps last year. It is under pressure to cut the key rate further to boost the economy in the coming months before a rate hike in the U.S. expected later this year.


작년 1인당 국민소득 2만8천弗 7.6%↑…성장률은 3.3%

국민소득 환율 영향 빼면 3.5% 증가 그쳐

지난해 한국의 1인당 국민총소득(GNI)이 2만8천달러를 넘어섰다.

그러나 국내총생산(GDP) 기준 실질 성장률은 3.3%에 그쳤다. 1인당 국민소득의 증가에는 환율 영향이 적지않았던 때문이다.

한국은행이 25일 발표한 '2014년 국민계정 잠정'에 따르면 지난해 1인당 GNI는 2만8천180달러(2천968만원)로 전년(2만6천179달러)보다 2천1달러(7.6%) 늘었다.

2006년 처음으로 2만달러 선에 진입한 1인당 국민소득은 글로벌 금융위기 때인 2009년 1만8천303달러로 떨어졌다가 2011년 2만4천302달러, 2012년 2만4천696달러 등으로 증가해왔다.

개인 부문(가계 및 비영리법인)의 소득을 보여줘 '국민의 주머니' 사정과 가장 밀접한 지표인 1인당 가계총처분가능소득(PGDI)은 1만5천786달러로 전년(1만4천704달러)보다 1천81달러 늘었다.

그러나 이처럼 소득 증가폭이 큰 원인 중 하나로는 원.달러 환율이 연평균 3.8% 떨어진 영향도 꼽힌다.

실제 지난해 1인당 PGDI를 한국 돈으로 환산하면 1천662만6천원으로 2013년(1천610만2천원)보다 3.3% 증가에 그쳤고 1인당 GNI증가율도 한국 돈으로는 3.5%에 불과했다.

실질 GNI 증가율도 전년보다 3.8% 늘어나는 데 그쳤다.

실질 GNI는 물가 등을 감안한 국민소득의 실질 구매력을 나타내는 지표로, 이 수치가 늘어난 것은 지난해 교역조건이 나아져 실질 무역손실규모가 2013년보다 줄었기 때문이다.

이에 따라 GDP 기준 성장률은 3.3%로 더 낮았다. 2013년의 성장률은 2.9%였다. 지난해 명목 GDP는 1천485조1천억원으로 전년보다 3.9% 늘었다.

전분기 대비 분기별 실질 성장률은 작년 1분기 1.1%에서 2분기 0.5%, 3분기 0.8%에 이어 4분기에는 0.3%로 뚝 떨어졌다. 4분기 성장률은 속보치(0.4%)보다도 조금 낮은 수준이다.

신승철 한은 국민소득총괄팀장은 '추가로 확보된 자료를 반영하니까 속보치 때보다 12월 수치를 중심으로 4분기 성장률이 다소 낮아졌다'고 설명했다.

산업별로 연간 GDP 증가율(실질 기준)을 보면 건설업은 0.6%에 그쳐 전년(3.0%)보다 크게 둔화됐다. 지난해 건물 건설은 4.6% 늘었지만 토목건설이 5.3% 준 영향이다.

농림어업(3.1%→2.6%)도 성장세가 둔화됐고 광업(8.1%→-0.2%)은 아예 감소세로 전환했다.

이에 비해 제조업은 2013년 3.6%에서 지난해 4.0%로 증가율이 높아졌다. 서비스업(2.9%→3.1%)의 성장세도 확대됐다.

서비스업은 영역별로 명암이 엇갈렸다. 자영업자 등 체감 경기와 밀접한 도소매 및 음식숙박업(2.8%→2.5%)은 성장세가 둔화했다. 이에 비해 운수 및 보관업(1.4%→2.4%), 금융보험·부동산 및 기타(1.4%→2.4%) 등은 성장세가 확대됐다.

지출측면에서 보면 지난해 민간소비는 1.8% 늘어 전년(1.9%)보다 둔화됐다. 건설투자(5.5%→1.0%)나 재화와 서비스의 수출(4.3%→2.8%)도 증가율이 낮아졌다.

다만, 2013년 마이너스 성장(-0.8%)했던 설비투자는 지난해 5.8% 플러스 성장하면서 호전됐다. 지식재산생산물투자(4.4%→4.6%)도 증가율이 상승했다.

지난해 총저축률은 34.7%로 전년(34.3%)보다 0.4%포인트 상승했다. 국내 총투자율은 29.0%로 전년과 동일하게 낮은 수준을 보였다.

노동소득분배율은 62.6%로 역시 전년(61.7%)보다 상승했다.

가장 포괄적인 물가수준을 보여주는 GDP 디플레이터는 지난해 0.6%로 전년(0.9%)보다 다소 낮아지면서 0%대 수준을 지속했다. (연합뉴스)
Emailcka@ktimes.co.kr Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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