Heatstroke first aid tips as Korea battles extreme heat

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An unprecedented heat wave this July is putting the health of many in Korea at serious risk.

On Tuesday, Seoul recorded a high of 37.7 degrees Celsius — the hottest temperature ever recorded in early July since official records began. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) said Tuesday that more than 1,200 cases of heat-related illnesses have been reported so far this year — more than double the number recorded by this time last year. Eight people have already died from heatstroke.

Medical professionals warn that extreme heat can lead to heatstroke, a life-threatening condition in which the body loses its ability to regulate its temperature. Heatstroke can also cause severe complications such as multiple organ damage and dysfunction and carries a high fatality rate.

“Heatstroke that leads to loss of consciousness occurs when the autonomic nervous system fails and the body can no longer regulate its temperature,” said Lee Sung-woo, an emergency medicine specialist at Korea University Anam Hospital in Seoul.

In addition to heatstroke, prolonged exposure to extreme heat can cause other conditions such as heat exhaustion and heat cramps — painful muscle spasms caused by sweating and the loss of electrolytes.

What to do if someone collapses from heat

If someone collapses due to the heat, move them immediately to a shaded or air-conditioned area. Remove excess clothing and cool their body with wet towels or ice packs.

When trying to lower body temperature, focus on three key areas: the neck, armpits and groin.

It is also important to offer water or electrolyte-rich drinks — but only if the person is conscious.

“If the person is unconscious, simply drinking water or resting is not enough for recovery,” said Dr. Lee. “Immediate action must be taken to lower their body temperature and transport them to a medical facility via ambulance.”

How to avoid heat-related illnesses

Prevention remains the best strategy. Here are a few essential tips to stay safe in the extreme heat:

1. Avoid outdoor activities between noon and 5 p.m.

This is especially important for people aged 65 and older, as their bodies react more slowly to changes in temperature. Young children, particularly those in strollers, are also vulnerable. Ground-level heat can affect them quickly, so it’s best to avoid taking them outside during the hottest hours.

2. Drink plenty of water

Staying hydrated is essential for everyone, especially older adults. As people age, their sense of thirst declines, and they may not realize they’re dehydrated until it becomes dangerous. The best approach is to drink water regularly throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty.