By Kim Tong-hyung
Staff reporter
The South Korean space agency's Korea Space Launch Vehicle 1 (KSLV-1) reached its launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Jeolla Province, Monday. However, the completion of the rollout was delayed for several hours due to an unexpected technical glitch that engineers refused to explain specifically.
The problem appears serious enough to possibly delay the launching of the rocket, with a control committee consisting of South Korean and Russian engineers expect to meet early today to determine whether to continue the liftoff as scheduled.
The 33.5-meter, 140-ton rocket was scheduled to be fired into space at approximately 5 p.m. Wednesday carrying a satellite aimed at observing the atmosphere and ocean. The previous KSLV-1 launch in August last year ended in disappointment when it reached the desired height but failed to put the payload satellite into orbit.
The next launch will come against the backdrop of heightened tensions on the Korean Peninsula following North Korea's attack on the warship, Cheonan, which led to the deaths of 46 South Korean sailors in March.
The vehicle's journey from the assembly building to the pad took about an hour and 20 minutes. After arriving at the pad at around 9:40 a.m., the rocket was inspected by South Korean and Russian engineers before being raised vertically by an erector in late in the evening.
The rocket positioning was supposed to be completed by around 5 p.m., but was delayed for hours after engineers detected unstable electric signals after the rocket was attached to the pad's cable-mast.
Engineers at Naro later claimed they corrected the problem, but have yet to pinpoint the exact cause of the anomalies or confirm whether their corrections were sufficient enough. The rocket was raised on the pad with the cable-mast detached.
``We will inspect the rocket throughout the night, and present the results to the control committee early Tuesday. The cable-mast will be reattached after we confirm the reason for the problems and then decide whether to continue with the launch process as scheduled,'' said an official from the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), South Korea's space agency.
The engineers had expected to conduct a final dress rehearsal for the launch today, and barring any test anomalies or unfavorable weather conditions, the rocket had been slated for lift off sometime during a two-hour window between 4:30 p.m. and 6:40 p.m. Wednesday.
The two-stage KSLV-1 has a thrust of 170 tons and is capable of launching a satellite weighing 100 kilograms into low orbit. Russia's Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, which is providing the core technologies for the South Korean rocket project, designed and manufactured the rocket's 25.8-meter first stage, or the lower part that contains the rocket engine and liquid fuel propulsion system.
KARI developed the upper part of the vehicle that will hold and eject the payload satellite, Science and Technology Satellite No. 2 (STSAT-2).
It remains to be seen if weather will play as a factor Wednesday, as lightning within the 20 kilometer radius of the launch area and the rocket's flight trajectory would be enough for KARI to postpone the launch.
Strong winds, particularly high winds that blow harder than 21 meters per second, may also affect the rocket's stability during the ascent.
KARI officials, however, say Wednesday's launch will likely progress as scheduled unless there is torrential rain.
South Korea has spent around 502.5 billion won (about $418 million) since 2002 to develop the KSLV-1. KARI officials hope that the experience of working with the Russians over the KSLV-1 project will help them greatly in their efforts to develop the country's next space rocket, the KSLV-II, whose maiden flight is expected by 2020.
The three-stage KSLV-II, which will nearly entirely be based on localized technology, will be powered by four rocket engines, each providing around 75 to 80 tons of thrust, in the first stage, and capable of carrying a payload of up to 1.5 tons.
Obviously, the more immediate concern is to avoid another failure for the KSLV-1. During an earlier launch, the rocket was unable to properly unload the STSAT-2 after one of its fairings that protect the satellite during ascent, didn't separate from the rocket in time.
The satellite crashed into the cover as it ejected, before burning up in the atmosphere as it crashed back toward Earth.
The misfiring of a section of the rocket's ``explosive bolts,'' designed to blow off the fairings ahead of the satellite's release, was confirmed as the reason for the malfunction. KARI engineers have been making technical adjustments to the design of the second-stage, improving the design of the electronic circuits and covering the ignition wires with material that is more resistant to electrical discharges.