FRIDAY, Sept. 12, 2025

1624-First submarine is publicly tested in London on the Thames for King James I

1758-French astronomer Charles Messier mistakenly identifies the Crab Nebula and begins his Messier Catalogue

1909-World's first patent for synthetic rubber granted to German chemist Fritz Hofmann

1940-Four teens follow their dog down a hole near Lascaux, France, and discover 17,000-year-old drawings now known as the Lascaux Cave Paintings

1958-U.S. Supreme Court orders the all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, to integrate

1959-Luna 2 is launched by the Soviet Union, the first spacecraft to impact the Moon

2000-Netherlands passes law allowing same-gender marriage, adoption and divorce