THURSDAY, Aug. 14, 2025

1281-During Kublai Khan's second Mongol invasion of Japan, his invading Chinese fleet of 3,500 vessels disappears in a typhoon near the Japanese coast

1842-Second Seminole War declared over by US Army Colonel Worth after nearly seven years; more than 3,000 Seminole Nation survivors relocated from Florida to Oklahoma, with only about 300 allowed to remain [1]

1945-V-J Day, the Empire of Japan surrenders unconditionally to the Allies, ending World War II (August 15 in Japan and other countries depending on the time zone)

1947-Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom

1969-British Army deploys on the streets of Northern Ireland, marking the beginning of Operation Banner

1980-17,000 workers go on strike at Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, marking the beginning of the Solidarity movement

1984-IBM releases PC DOS version 3.0

1989-President P. W. Botha of South Africa resigns

1997-Convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh formally sentenced to death by Oklahoma Court of Appeals