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Bedlam breaks out at the National Assembly main hall in Seoul, March 12, 2004, with a clash between lawmakers approving and disapproving of the impeachment of then-President Roh Moo-hyun. The vote was eventually carried out and the impeachment motion was passed. / Yonhap |
By Kim Rahn
Both President Park Geun-hye and former President Roh Moo-hyun were impeached. Politicians who initiated the impeachment motions all claimed the moves were inevitable to defend the "constitutional order."
However, there are big differences between the two in terms of why the impeachment was sought, how the presidents responded to the motion, and how the public reacted to the situations, among others.
Reason for impeachment
Roh was impeached on March 12, 2004. The then-opposition Grand National Party, the predecessor of the Saenuri Party, sought the impeachment for his supportive comments about his Uri Party after the National Election Commission concluded the comment was in violation of the Election Law.
The impeachment motion also stated that Roh should be held responsible for corruption involving his aides, as well as for the poor economic situation he allegedly caused.
But Roh was not under investigation for any of the accusations.
For Park, the impeachment was ignited by the influence-peddling scandal involving her and her confidant Choi Soon-sil. The prosecution identified Park as an "accomplice" and "suspect" in the scandal, saying she was involved in the abuse of power, coercion, extortion and sharing confidential presidential documents. The impeachment motion included all these allegations.
Candlelit protests
After the impeachment motion was passed for Roh, citizens began candlelit protests ― not in favor of the impeachment but against it.
People called for the annulment of the impeachment in rallies for about half a month from the day of the impeachment vote at various locations across the country including the Gwanghwamun area in Seoul.
Participants said that the cause of Roh's impeachment ― violation of the Election Law ― was not that grave to suspend the head of state from duty and that the opposition parties pushed ahead with it for their own political interests. Public surveys showed nearly 70 percent of people were opposed to the impeachment.
In Park's case, to the contrary, citizens held candles not to defend the President but to denounce her. Millions of people have taken to the street across the nation every Saturday since the end of October, calling for her resignation over the scandal. The mass protest was the main force that led to the impeachment motion.
A recent survey showed 81 percent of people supported Park's resignation.
Impeachment vote
On the day of the impeachment vote, Roh made a public apology, saying he was sorry for causing problems. Park, on the other hand, has remained silent since her third public apology over the scandal on Nov. 29.
At the National Assembly for Roh's impeachment in 2004, anti-impeachment lawmakers attempted to prevent the voting, physically clashing with pro-impeachment lawmakers, shouting and throwing chairs and nameplates.
Despite the scuffle, the voting was carried out. Of the 271 Assembly members, 195 took part in the voting and 193 of them consented to the impeachment.
Such a clash, however, was not seen in the 2016 voting, largely because of the National Assembly Advancement Act adopted in 2012 to prevent violence and railroading of bills by ruling parties.
Out of the 300 Assembly members, 299 participated in the vote and 234 of them approved impeaching Park.