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Fri, March 24, 2023 | 05:00
Foreign Affairs
Sex slavery deal stalls on statue
한일 '위안부 합의' 한달…끝나지 않은 '최종해결'
Posted : 2016-01-27 17:05
Updated : 2016-01-27 22:08
Yi Whan-woo
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The statue of a girl, a symbol of Korean sex slavery victims during World War II, stands in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul, Wednesday. / Yonhap
The statue of a girl, a symbol of Korean sex slavery victims during World War II, stands in front of the Japanese Embassy in Seoul, Wednesday. / Yonhap

By Yi Whan-woo


A month has passed since the governments of South Korea and Japan reached an agreement to resolve the decades-old issue of "comfort women," but they are still finding it difficult to implement the deal.

One of the conflicting issues is whether or not to relocate the comfort woman statue, better known as the "girl statue' here, which is situated across the street from the Japanese Embassy in Seoul.

Japan insists that Korea remove the statue from the site to move the agreement forward, but most Koreans and victims of Tokyo's wartime sexual enslavement say that should never happen.

Japan claims such removal is a pre-condition for Tokyo to implement the "final and irrevocable" agreement, under which Japan promised to finance 1 billion yen ($84.4 million) to set up a foundation aimed at helping the surviving victims.

But Korea maintains the view that the government cannot meddle in the issues involving the statute, citing it was set up by civilians in December 2011.

A group of Japanese, including officials and lawmakers, have cited Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se, who promised that the government will consult with related parties to settle conflicts about the statue "in a relevant manner" during the historic deal reached between foreign ministers of the two nations.

On Tuesday, Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida said his government has not yet fixed a schedule to make the 1-billion yen compensation, hinting Korea should fulfill Tokyo's demand about the statue first.

He repeatedly has told the Japanese media that the statute is believed to be removed "in a timely manner."

According to Japanese wire service Jiji Press, Monday, the lawmakers of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party have filed a motion petitioning the Korean government to tear down the statue at the earliest date possible.

Some 64.1 percent of 1,000 Japanese adults responded in a survey jointly carried out by Sankei Shimbun and Fuji News Network from Jan. 23 to 24, that Japan should offer 1 billion won to Korea only after the statue has been removed.

Only 24.1 percent responded that compensation should be made unconditionally.

When asked whether Japan will still offer 1 billion yen in compensation even if the statue is not removed, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said, "There's a trust relationship between me and President Park Geun-hye."

"It's important for both of us to trust each and carry out our respective promises," Abe said in a joint interview conducted and published by Nihon Keizai Shimbun and Financial Times on Jan. 17.

Under such circumstances, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Cho June-hyuck said "We'll not deal with claims made by the Japanese case-by-case."

"We remain consistent about what was agreed to in December," he said during the ministry's regular media briefing, Tuesday. "In addition, it should be noted that the statue was voluntarily set up on a civic level."

Cho's comment was seen as a move seen as to placate the public that has been upset about the December deal.

The former Korean sex slaves and civic activists have protested that the government did not take their opinions into account before reaching the agreement in December.

They also argued that it was reckless for Yun to mention the statue in a government-to-government agreement.

Koreans accounted for a majority of an estimated number of 200,000 comfort women, a euphemistic term for those who were coerced into sexual servitude at front-line brothels operated by the Japanese Army.

There are 46 survivors in Korea. They're age averages over 89.


한일 '위안부 합의' 한달…끝나지 않은 '최종해결'

피해자 반발 속 日서 잇단 '강제성 부인' 발언…소녀상도 여전한 불씨

한국과 일본 정부가 일본군 위안부 피해자 문제에 관한 '12·28' 합의를 도출한 지 한 달이 지났지만 합의의 완전한 이행까지는 아직 갈 길이 멀다는 평가가 나온다.

합의 내용을 두고 피해 당사자들과 지원단체를 비롯한 시민사회에서 반발이 이어지는데다, 위안부 문제의 본질과 어긋나는 일본 내 인사들의 발언도 잇따르면서 합의 타결을 무색하게 하는 상황이 지속되고 있기 때문이다.



◇합의에도 달라지지 않은 日…'해결'은 여전히 '미래형'

양국은 일본 측의 성실한 합의 이행을 전제로 위안부 문제가 '최종적·불가역적'으로 해결된다는 데 합의했지만, 이후 상황을 보면 최종해결은 당분간 '미완의 과제'로 남을 수 있다는 지적이 제기된다.

일본 측에서 합의 정신에 어긋나거나 양국 간 시비를 일으킬 만한 발언이 계속 나오고 있는데다 앞으로도 그럴 가능성이 잠재하고 있다는 점에서다.

일본 정부는 이번 합의에서 위안부 문제에 대한 군(軍)의 관여와 정부 책임을 인정했지만, 이 문제의 성격에 대한 인식은 근본적으로 바뀌지 않았다는 점이 드러나고 있다.

아베 신조(安倍晋三) 일본 총리는 지난 18일 참의원 예산위원회에서 '군과 관헌에 의한 이른바 '강제연행'을 직접 보여주는 기술은 발견되지 않았다는 것을 2007년 각의 결정했다'며 기존 일본 정부 입장을 되풀이하고, '이번 (위안부) 합의에 의해 '전쟁범죄'에 해당하는 유형을 인정한 것은 아니다'라고 했다.

일본군이 직접 강제로 위안부를 끌고 간 증거는 없다면서 위안부 제도 자체의 강제적 성격에 '물타기'를 하는 기존 논리를 반복한 것이다.

지난 14일에는 집권 자민당의 사쿠라다 요시타카(櫻田義孝) 중의원 의원이 '위안부는 직업 매춘부였다'고 망언을 하기도 했다.

이번 한일 합의는 과거 고노(河野)담화 등에서 구체적으로 기술됐던 위안부 동원의 강제성이 명시적으로 언급되지 않았고 망언 방지도 빠져 있다는 점이 한계로 지적되고 있다.

그럼에도 일본 측은 '최종적이고 불가역적으로 해결됐다는 것을 양국 정부가 확인했다'(세코 히로시게 관방 부장관)는 등 이미 위안부 문제가 해결됐다고 기정사실화하려는 모습도 보였다.

한국 정부가 '적절히 해결되도록 노력한다'고 한 주한 일본대사관 앞 소녀상 문제도 여전히 불씨가 살아 있는 쟁점이다.

한일 양국 정부는 소녀상 철거가 일본 측 기금 출연의 전제가 아니라고 공식적으로 밝히고 있지만, 일본 집권당과 언론 등에서 소녀상 선(先) 철거론이 잇따라 제기됐다.

◇정부, 재단설립 등 후속작업 물밑 추진…여론 설득에 주력

이런 상황에서 위안부 피해자 이옥선(90)·강일출(89) 할머니가 최근 일본을 방문, 아베 총리를 향해 '직접 사죄'와 법적 배상을 요구한 것은 잦아들지 않는 피해자 진영의 반발을 상징적으로 보여 준다는 평가다.

한국정신대문제대책협의회(정대협) 등은 합의 무효화를 요구하고 있고, 부산 일본영사관 앞에도 소녀상을 건립하자는 움직임이 인다.

합의를 둘러싼 환경이 여전히 위태로운 상황에서, 한일 양국 정부는 후속 조치를 협의하기보다 당분간 '로우키'로 상황을 관리하고 자국 여론을 설득하는 작업에 집중할 것으로 보인다.

우리 정부는 '불가역적'이라는 표현에 일본이 합의에 역행하는 언행을 해서는 안 된다는 뜻이 담긴 만큼 아베 총리의 사죄·반성에 걸맞은 행동을 해야 한다고 촉구하고 있다.

정부의 한 소식통은 '(이번 합의를 통한) 아베 총리의 사죄·반성과 일본 측 책임 인정에 의미를 부여해야 거기 어긋나는 발언을 하는 것이 그만큼 엄중한 일이 된다'고 말했다.

우리 정부 일각에는 이 문제에 대한 일본 측의 진정성을 보이기 위해 일본 정부 인사 차원의 정서적 조치가 필요하다는 시각도 있는 것으로 알려졌다.

일본 정부도 사쿠라다 의원의 망언에 아베 총리가 나서서 재발 방지를 주문하는 등 상황 확대는 막으려는 움직임을 보였다.

위안부 지원재단 설립 등 후속 조치 작업은 여론의 강력한 반발을 고려해 물밑에서 조심스럽게 진행되는 모습이다.

외교부와 여성가족부 등 관계부처는 올 상반기 중 재단 출범을 목표로 실무적인 준비 논의를 하고 있으나, 작업을 구체화하기에 앞서 피해자 설득에 우선 집중한다는 방침으로 전해졌다.

정부의 한 소식통은 재단과 관련해 '무엇보다 의견 수렴을 해서 피해자들이 희망하는 사업들이 많이 반영될 필요가 있다'고 말했다.

외교부 관계자들은 최근 지원단체 쉼터 밖에서 개별적으로 생활하는 피해자들을 찾아 합의 내용 등을 설명하고 있다.

윤병세 외교부 장관이나 박근혜 대통령이 아직 피해자들을 직접 찾지 않는 것도 반발 여론이 남은 상태에서 자칫 역풍이 불 가능성을 고려한 선택으로 보인다.  (연합뉴스)
Emailyistory@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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