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Mon, August 7, 2023 | 07:33
-------------------------
'14 reactors have ineffective parts'
"한국 원전, 30년전 美서 사용중단한 부실자재 사용"
Posted : 2014-12-03 16:50
Updated : 2014-12-03 21:56
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Greenpeace sounds alarm over nuclear disaster

By Jung Min-ho


Components in 14 of the nation's 23 nuclear reactors were made with an ineffective material, which could cause an environmental disaster similar to that which occurred in Fukushima three years ago, Greenpeace alleged Wednesday.

Inconel 600, a nickel chromium alloy, is used for over 4,000 components in each nuclear power plant, including the reactor vessel heads, steam generators and heating pipes. According to the environmental campaign group, governments around the world have replaced this "ineffective" material with more durable substitutes since the 1980s, while successive administrations here, including the current one, continue to use it.

"Countries such as the United States and France have either shut down entire nuclear power plants or removed components that contained Inconel 600," said Jang Da-ul, a climate and energy campaigner with Greenpeace at a press conference in Seoul.

"But Korea has tinkered with the problem by soldering cracked spots, instead of providing fundamental solutions."

An official from Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power said the firm plans to replace the steam generators at Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3 and 4, but that it does not have any plans for the other plants.

According to Greenpeace, in Korea, there have been 12 accidents related to Inconel 600, including one that temporarily halted operations at the Hanul Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4 in 2002 after its steam generator broke down.

Since the lack of durability of Inconel 600 was identified in the United States in the mid-1970s, countries such as the U.S., France and Japan have replaced steam generators in their nuclear power plants with ones made from more durable material such as Inconel 690.

A total of 53 steam generators in the U.S. have been replaced. The country has 62 commercially operating nuclear power plants with 100 nuclear reactors.

"The most threatening thing about this problem is that it is completely unpredictable. It could result in a major disaster anytime without having any technical problems or a natural disaster," Jang said.

Suh Kyun-ryul, a professor of atomic engineering at Seoul National University, also said the government should take action immediately to address the safety concerns.

"Removing Inconel 600 from all nuclear power plants in Korea is much more important than planning safety measures for the risk of natural disasters to the plants," he said.

The Fukushima nuclear meltdown has been estimated to cost up to $100 billion for the cleanup alone over the next 40 years, sending an alarming message to Korea ― a country that relies on nuclear power for 30 percent of its energy needs.


"한국 원전, 30년전 美서 사용중단한 부실자재 사용"

그린피스 '땜질 처방으로 위험천만 '누더기 원전' 양산'

미국 등 세계 각국에서 수십년 전부터 사용을 사실상 중단한 부실 원전 자재가 한국에서는 여전히 사용되고 있어 대책이 시급하다는 주장이 제기됐다.

국제환경단체 그린피스는 3일 서울 마포구 서교동 서울사무소에서 '부실자재 인코넬(Inconel) 600과 위험한 한국 원전'이라는 주제로 기자회견을 열고 '이미 40년 전 인코넬 600이라는 합금소재의 내구성에 심각한 결함이 있는 사실이 밝혀졌음에도 한국은 오히려 세계적 흐름에 역행하고 있다'고 지적했다.

그린피스에 따르면 인코넬 600은 니켈·크롬·철로 구성된 합금소재로, 원전 핵심설비인 증기발생기와 원자로헤드 등에 사용된다. 특히 증기 발생기 내부에는 인코넬 600으로 제조된 전열관(열교환기 역할) 수천여개가 존재한다.

문제는 이 전열관이 부식·균열되면 방사능에 오염된 냉각수가 누출될 수 있다는 점이다. 특히 전열관 여러 개가 동시에 파열되면 체르노빌이나 후쿠시마 사태처럼 핵연료봉이 녹는 대규모 재난으로도 이어질 수 있다고 그린피스는 주장했다.

실제로 1970년대 중반부터 인코넬 600은 내구성에 심각한 문제 제기돼 미국에서는 1989년부터 인코넬 690을 대신 사용하기 시작했다고 그린피스는 전했다.

그린피스에 따르면 2014년 현재 한국에서 인코넬 600 소재를 사용 중인 원전은 총 14기로, 이 가운데 한빛 3∼6호기, 한울 3·4호기 등 총 6기에서 이미 균열이 관측되고 있다.

실제로 지난 10월 냉각수 유출로 원자로 가동이 중단된 한빛 3호기를 포함해 모두 12차례 인코넬 600과 관련해 사고 및 고장이 발생했다.

이 가운데 '최악의 사고'로 기록된 2002년 한울 4호기 사고의 경우 당시 인코넬 600 소재가 사용된 증기발생기 세관이 파열돼 45t 상당의 방사능 냉각수가 누출돼 백색비상이 발령되기도 했다.

장다울 그린피스 기후에너지 선임캠페이너는 '대규모 원전 운영국인 미국과 프랑스는 30여년 전부터 인코넬 600으로 된 부분을 대부분 교체하거나 원전 자체를 아예 폐쇄한 상태'라며 '하지만 한국은 땜질을 늘리는 식의 미봉책으로, 위험천만의 '누더기 원전'을 양산하고 있다'고 주장했다.

그러면서 '각각 1만6천여개의 전열관 중 2천여개에 달하는 전열관에 문제 생긴데다 원자로헤드 균열까지 진행 중인 한빛 3·4호기부터 즉시 가동을 중단해야 한다'고 촉구했다.

그린피스는 한국수력원자력에 인코넬 600의 사용실태를 전면조사하고 그 결과를 공개하라고 촉구하는 한편 온·오프라인에서 시민들을 상대로 한빛 3·4호기 가동 중단을 촉구하는 내용의 이메일보내기 캠페인을 시작할 예정이다.

이에 대해 한수원은 '한빛 3·4호기 증기발생기 설계 시점인 1987년에는 대체 소재인 인코넬 690이 적용되기 전 단계였고, 한울 3·4호기를 설계할 당시(1991년)에도 인코넬 690은 성능이 완전히 검증되지 않은 상태였다'며 '현재 인코넬 600이 사용된 증기발생기에 대한 주기적인 검사 및 열화 평가를 통해 단계적으로 교체를 추진 중'이라고 해명했다.

이어 '한빛 3·4호기에 대한 증기발생기의 조기 교체를 추진하고 있고, 그 외 원전도 강화된 검사 요건을 적용해 안정적으로 운영하고 있다'고 덧붙였다. (연합뉴스)
Emailmj6c2@ktimes.co.kr Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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