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Thu, March 23, 2023 | 17:06
Life
Namhansanseong gets UNESCO tag
남한산성, 유네스코 세계유산 등재…한국 11번째 쾌거
Posted : 2014-06-22 20:49
Updated : 2014-06-22 20:49
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Namhansanseong
Namhansanseong

By Lee Kyung-min


Namhansanseong, an ancient mountain fortress in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, at the 38th meeting of the UNESCO's World Heritage Committee in Doha, Qatar, Sunday.

Built in Mount Namhan in 1626, it is one of the two fortresses surrounding Seoul, which was then called Hanseong during the Joseon Kingdom (1392-1910).

The International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), a key UN advisory council that recommends candidates for the World Heritage List, said that it is a prototype for fortified sites in Korea and Eastern Asia.

The citadel fulfilled important administrative and military functions and the fortified town had military, administrative, religious, residential and commercial functions.

It is also highly appreciated for representing the development of fortification from the seventh century to the 19th century and the defense technology against the introduction of Western weaponry in the early 17th century.

Lee Hye-eun, Dongguk University professor and a member of the Cultural Heritage Administration's World Heritages committee, said, "Namhansanseong is historically significant because it is the only fortress that has been used as an emergency palace during a war. The ICOMOS rated it highly."

On Jan. 11, 2010, the site was already on the tentative list for the nomination of the ICOMOS and Korea submitted an application for the UNESCO status on Jan. 25, 2013.

And after conducting an onsite inspection for technical evaluation from last September, the ICOMOS recommended Namhansanseong as appropriate for registration and issued an approval of the report for nomination on March 6 this year.

The World Heritages committee said the fortress is relatively well preserved, but advised for regulations in further development of the area.

With its 11-kilometer-long stone walls surrounding the slopes of Mount Namhan over three cities ― Gwangju, Hanam, and Seongnam, Namhansanseong served as an emergency palace for the King Injo hiding from the second Manchu invasion of Korea in 1636 during China's Qing Dynasty. He took refuge at the fortress from the Qing's Huang Taiji only to surrender after 47 days.


남한산성, 유네스코 세계유산 등재…한국 11번째 쾌거

카타르 도하 세계유산위원회 결정 '군사방어술 집대성·살아 있는 유산'
북한·중국까지 합치면 한민족 유산 14번째 등재


남한산성이 한국의 11번째 유네스코 세계유산에 등재됐다. 

    유네스코는 22일(한국시간) 카타르 수도 도하 국제컨벤션센터에서 계속한 제38차 세계유산위원회(WHC)에서 한국이 신청한 남한산성에 대한 세계유산 등재를 확정했다고 문화재청이 이날 밝혔다.

    이로써 한국은 1995년 석굴암·불국사, 해인사 장경판전, 종묘 등 3건이 한꺼번에 처음으로 등재된 이래 창덕궁과 수원화성(이상 1997년), 경주역사유적지구, 고창·화순·강화 고인돌 유적(이상 2000년), 제주 화산섬과 용암동굴(2007년), 조선왕릉(2009년), 한국의 역사마을 : 하회와 양동(2010년)을 거쳐 남한산성에 이르기까지 모두 11건에 이르는 세계유산을 보유하게 됐다.

    북한의 고구려 고분군과 개성역사유적지구, 그리고 중국 동북지방 일대의 고구려 유적을 합치면 한민족 관련 세계유산은 14건을 헤아린다.

    이날 등재 심사에서 남한산성은 세계유산 가운데 인간이 남긴 기념물을 대상으로 하는 '문화유산'이 되기 6개 조건 중에서도 기준(ⅱ)와 (ⅳ)를 충족했다고 평가됐다. 애초 한국정부는 등재기준 (ⅲ) '현존하거나 사라진 문화와 문명의 독보적이거나 특출한 증거'도 남한산성이 충족하는 것으로 제출했지만 이날 회의는 이를 채택하지 않았다.

    등재기준 (ii)는 '특정 기간과 문화권 내 건축이나 기술 발전, 도시 계획 등에서 인류 가치의 중요한 교류의 증거', 등재기준 (iv)는 '인류 역사의 중요 단계를 보여주는 건물, 건축, 기술의 총체, 경관 유형의 탁월한 사례'에 해당한다.

    이에 따라 남한산성은 17세기 초 비상시 임시 수도로서 당시 일본과 중국의 산성 건축 기술을 반영하고 서양식 무기 도입에 대응하기 위한 다양한 군사 방어 기술을 종합적으로 집대성하고 있음을 높이 평가받았다. 세계유산위는 나아가 7세기부터 19세기에 이르는 축성술의 시대별 발달 단계와 무기체제의 변화상을 잘 나타내며, 지금까지 주민들이 거주하고 있어 살아있는 유산으로서 가치가 있다고 부연했다. 

    이는 등재 심사에 앞서 현지실사 결과 등을 토대로 한 유네스코 자문기구인 이코모스(ICOMOS·국제기념물유적협의회)의 '등재(Inscribe) 권고' 판정을 받아들인 것이다.

    다만 세계유산위원회는 남한산성 인접 지역의 개발 행위를 적절히 통제하고, 주민들이 유산 관리에 효과적으로 참여할 수 있도록 노력할 것을 권고했다.

    이에 따라 문화재청은 경기도를 비롯한 관련 지방자치단체와 긴밀한 협력 하에 남한산성의 체계적 보존관리와 활용을 위한 종합계획을 수립·이행해 나갈 계획이라고 덧붙였다.

    문화재위원회 세계유산분과위원장인 이혜은 동국대 교수는 '남한산성은 일상적인 왕궁과는 별개 산성이면서도 병자호란 때는 왕이 일상적으로 거주한 '비상 왕궁'(emergency palace)이라는 점을 높이 평가받았다'면서 '이런 산성은 세계적으로 남한산성밖에 없다'고 말했다.

    더불어 남한산성은 왕궁과 관련된 시설을 갖췄으며, 또한 축조와 운용 과정에 사찰과 승려가 동원된 점에서 독특한 가치를 인정받았다. (연합뉴스)
Emaillkm@ktimes.co.kr Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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