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Sun, August 14, 2022 | 12:52
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39% of NK defectors think they belong to lower class
경기도 북한이탈주민 39% "남한에서 난 하류층"
Posted : 2013-01-06 19:10
Updated : 2013-01-06 19:10
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By Yun Suh-young


Over one-third of North Korean defectors living in Gyeonggi Province said they consider themselves to be in the lower-income bracket, a survey showed.

The poll conducted by the Gyeonggi Province Family and Women's Research Institute in conjunction with the North Korean Refugees Foundation showed that 39.7 percent of the North Korean defectors living in the province thought they belonged to the lower class. The number was lower than the national average of 45.7 percent.

The survey was conducted among 18,997 North Korean defectors nationwide from June to October last year with 5,054 respondents living in Gyeonggi Province. The total number of North Korean defectors living in Gyeonggi Province as of July 2012 was recorded at 5,757.

The highest number of defectors lived in Seoul at 5,957, followed by Gyeonggi Province and then Incheon with 1,967.

About 41.3 percent of the total respondents said they received between 1 million and 1.5 million won in monthly income and 45.2 percent in Gyeonggi Province answered likewise. Seventy percent of defectors in Gyeonggi Province said their monthly income was below 1.5 million. However, they were positive about their future.

When asked whether they believed their living standards would rise, 73.5 percent in Gyeonggi answered yes as opposed to 68.7 percent nationwide.

As for living in South Korea, 67.2 percent of Gyeonggi residents answered they were satisfied with their lives, just under the national average of 69.3 percent.

The biggest reason for their satisfaction level was because they could earn proportionately to the hours they worked, unlike in North Korea. Other reasons were because they were economically better off, they can engage in the work of their choice as well as being free from surveillance and control.


경기도 북한이탈주민 39% "남한에서 난 하류층"

경기도에 사는 북한이탈주민 10명 중 4명은 남한에서의 생활수준이 '하류층'이라고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다.

또 이탈주민 10명 중 7명은 월평균 소득이 150만원 이하에 그치는 등 경제적으로 힘든 삶을 사는 것으로 조사됐다.

3일 경기도 가족여성연구원의 '경기도 북한이탈주민 정책실태조사'에 따르면 2012년 7월 현재 경기도에 정착한 북한이탈주민은 5천757명이다.

남성이 1천522명, 여성이 4천229명으로 여성비율이 남성보다 2.7배 높다.

북한이탈주민의 53.8%는 식량부족 및 경제적 어려움을 탈북 동기로 꼽았다.

그러나 희망을 품고 찾아온 남한에서의 생활은 그리 녹록하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

탈북자의 39.7%가 남한에서의 생활수준에 대해 스스로 '하류층'이라고 답했다.

주된 일자리와 부업을 포함해 한달 근로소득액이 101만∼150만원이 45.2%를 차지했고 70%는 월평균 소득이 150만원 이하라고 답했다.

또 현재 취업상태는 상용직 51.4%에 반해 일용직 27.9%, 임시직 13.5%로 나타났다.

현재 사는 집도 96.5%가 타인소유라고 응답했다. 영구임대아파트에 39.6%, 국민임대아파트에 50.6%가 사는 것으로 나타났다.

경제적 어려움에도 북한이탈주민의 67.2%는 남한생활에 만족한다고 답했다.

그 이유는 내가 일한 만큼 소득을 얻을 수 있기 때문에(53.5%), 북한생활보다 경제적 여유가 생겨서(44.5%), 내가 하고 싶은 일을 할 수 있어서(42.9%), 감시와 통제를 받지 않아서(23.7%) 등이었다.

현재 하류층이지만 앞으로 생활수준이 향상될 것이라고 답한 탈북자가 73.5%로 나타나는 등 미래에 대해 희망찬 기대를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

경기도여성가족연구원은 '북한이탈주민 대부분이 남한에서 생활수준을 하위층으로 인식하고 있으며 경제적 어려움이 정착에 장애요인으로 나타났다'면서 '취업훈련과 자격증 프로그램을 선별적으로 운영해 북한이탈주민의 취업을 활성화해야 한다'고 제안했다.
Emailysy@ktimes.co.kr Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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