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Sun, March 26, 2023 | 21:18
Around Town
Korea ranked last in OECD in female college graduate employment
한국여성 고용최악... 차별과 무관심
Posted : 2013-01-20 11:18
Updated : 2013-01-20 11:18
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South Korea's employment rate of female college graduates ranked at the bottom among a group of the world's advanced nations, with the country having the largest difference between employment rates for men and women, data showed Sunday.

According to the data compiled by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), only 60.1 percent of college-educated South Korean women were employed as of 2011, marking the lowest rate among 33 OECD member nations.

Turkey was second from the bottom, with an employment rate of 64.4 percent, while Mexico, Italy, Greece and the United States all had over 70 percent.

South Korea had the widest employment rate gap of 29 percentage points between male and female graduates, the data added.

The country is the only one who had a gap of more than 20 percentage points.

The OECD data also showed that South Korea's women part-timers accounted for 27.7 percent of the country's entire female workforce, topping the OECD list of 22 countries with such data available. The OECD average was 12.5 percent.

According to the Korea Women's Development Institute (KWDI), the number of female temporary workers in South Korea reached 2.9 million in 2011, up a whopping 74.5 percent from 1.6 million in 1990.

However, the number of male part-time workers jumped 38.6 percent over the same period, added the KWDI.

It said many South Korean female workers aged over 30 have to quit their jobs due to marriage, childbirth and child-rearing.

Indeed, the number of full-time women workers aged between 25 and 29 recorded nearly 821,000, while the number of those between 30 and 34 dropped to 634,000, according to the KWDI.

"In order to improve the quality of female employment, the government should come up with measures to reduce part-time jobs for women and help women remain at their workplaces after having children," said an official from the KWDI.



한국여성 고용최악... 차별과 무관심

한국 대졸 여성들의 고용률이 경제협력개발기구(OECD) 회원국 가운데 최하위인 반면, 여성 임시직 비율은 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

이는 다른 선진국들에 비해 한국 고학력 여성들의 경제활동 비율이 현저히 낮고, 여성들이 일을 하더라도 주로 비정규직이나 임시직에 종사한다는 것으로, 여성 고용의 질이 매우 낮고 불안정하다는 것을 보여준다.

20일 OECD와 한국여성정책연구원에 따르면 2011년 우리나라 고학력 여성 고용률은 60.1%로 분석대상 33개 OECD 회원국 중 최하위를 면치 못했다.

고학력 여성고용률이 낮은 국가를 보면 터키가 64.4%로 한국 다음이었고 멕시코, 이탈리아, 그리스, 미국 등도 낮았으나 70.0%는 넘었다.

고학력 여성들의 고용률이 낮다 보니 우리나라는 남녀 고용률 격차도 29.0%포인트로 회원국 중 가장 높았다.

남녀 격차가 20%포인트를 넘는 국가는 한국이 유일하다.

우리나라는 고용의 불안정성을 보여주는 여성 임시직 근로자 비율에서도 27.7%로 비교 가능한 22개 OECD 회원국 가운데 가장 높았았고 OECD 회원국 평균(12.5%)과 큰 격차를 보였다.

우리나라에 이어 스페인(26.6%), 포르투갈(22.4%), 일본(20.7%), 네덜란드(19.6%) 등의 순으로 여성 임시직 비율이 높았다.

최근 보고서를 통해 '여성고용구조와 정책과제'를 분석한 한국여성정책연구원은 OECD에서 쓰는 '임시직' 개념이 한국 기준과 다소 차이가 있어 실제 국내에서 여성 임시직 비율은 40%에 육박한다고 지적했다.

우리나라의 여성 임시직 근로자 수는 1990년 165만9천명에서 2011년 289만5천명으로 74.5% 급증했다.

같은 기간에 남성 임시직 근로자가 38.6% 늘어난 것과 비교하면 두 배에 육박하는 증가율이다.

여성 근로자들은 특히 30세 이후 결혼, 출산, 육아로 '경력단절'을 겪는 경우가 많은데, 이로 인해 여성 정규직 근로자 수는 지난해 25∼29세가 82만1천명에 달한 것에 비해 30∼34세는 63만4천명에 불과했다.

한국여성정책연구원 김태홍 본부장은 '여성 고용의 질을 높이기 위해서는 여성 임시직 및 비정규직의 근로조건과 고용안전성을 개선하는 동시에 상용직 고학력 여성의 출산·육아기 고용유지를 높이려는 정책을 추진해야 한다'고 말했다.
 
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