alt
2011-04-11 07:45

A game of chicken between retailers


Housewives look at private brand (PB) products manufactured by Lotte Mart and its suppliers at the mart’s store chain in Jung-gu, Seoul, April 7. Lotte Mart, the nation’s third largest retailer, has changed the name of its PB from WISELECT to CHOICE L for the first time in eight years in an effort to raise brand awareness.
/ Yonhap
Top three retailers trapped in a cutthroat, price-cutting race

By Jung Sung-ki

Amid concerns about soaring commodity prices, the nation’s top retail firms are playing a high stakes game of chicken over low price products.

Questions linger then as to which of the three parties ― retailers, suppliers and consumers ― will benefit most from such a competition.

Though the sales of “ultra-cheap” products have positive effect on soothing public worries about inflation to an extent, or on the surface, experts and industry officials say, the game would result in a lose-lose situation for all of the three in the long-term.

For retailers, profitability and quality of products are top concerns, whereas small suppliers are pressed to lower production costs despite rising raw material costs. Consumers, for their part, are vulnerable to cheap “bait” products sold by large discount store chains.

“Large retailers are just taking advantage of the public concern about rising inflation commercially by launching ‘bait’ products as part of get-rich-quick schemes,” Cho Yoon-mi, a director of the National Council of the Green Consumers’ Networks in Korea, told The Korea Times.

“Rather than focusing on the quality of products and confidence-building with consumers, large retailers hinge more on sexy brand names and an exaggerative advertisement of their products,” she said.



Marts at war

Cho apparently referred to a series of “Tongkeun (big bucket)” products sold by Lotte Mart, the No.3 discount store chain in Korea.

The chain made headlines last December when it began selling a full bucket of chicken at only 5,000 won, a move to counter the sales of 17.32-inch pizzas by E-Mart, the largest retail company affiliate with Shinsegye Group. The jumbo-size pizza has since become a fixture at E-Mart chains nationwide because of its cheap price tag of 11,500 won, almost of a third of the prices for pizzas sold by local franchises.

The Tongkeun chicken was a hit on the market immediately, as thousands of people lined up at the 82 Lotte Mart outlets throughout the country to have the bucket of 10 to 12 pieces.

Though the sale of the big bucket chicken discontinued only about a week after promotion in the face of protests from operators of mom-and-pop chicken shacks, the brand name of Tongkeun still remains popular and jingles as Lotte’s famous marketing catchphrase.

Lotte Mart, with 195 outlets nationwide, has since then brought out new Tongkeun-series products, such as mini laptop computers, 24-inch LED monitors, beef, backpacks and spare tires.

Homeplus, the nation’s second-largest supermarket chain, jumped into the low price marketing competition last month by launching an event to sell 200,000 “chakan (kind)” raw chickens for 1,000 won.

E-Mart also joined the short-period stint sales marketing, sparking a public backlash. The discount store chain announced last month that it would start releasing about 5 million pairs of jeans from 130 brands worldwide at the knockout price of 9,900 won beginning March 31.

But consumers were bewildered when it was found out that E-Mart only secured 1 million pairs of jeans and the remaining products were actually T-shirts, caps and other items made from denim.

‘Bait’ items

These ultra-cheap sales marketing strategies by large retailers have drawn sharp criticism because many of them were designed to lure customers for more profits.

“On the surface, it seems the low price competition benefits shoppers, but it’s not in many cases because consumers are lured to the outlets and spend more money for other items there after all,” said Kim Ja-hye, secretary-general of Consumers Korea. “Most of the cheap items have a limited quota and are sold in a limited period of time, so many consumers have to turn on their heels with frustration after lining up for hours.”

In fact, large discount stores have seen their turnovers going up despite their low-priced products sales because, on the other hand, the number of customers has risen, according to government data.

For example, E-Mart had a turnover of 790.2 billion won last year, 4.5 percent up from the previous year. Boosted by the sales of E-Mart products, Shinsegye had the total gross of about 14.5 trillion won and an operating profit of 992.7 billion won last year, 14.5 percent and 8 percent from the previous year, respectively.

Lotte Shopping, which owns Lotte Mart, had the total gross of about 13.5 trillion won last year and an operating profit of some 1.15 trillion won. The figures represent a 17.2-percent and a 31-percent increase, respectively, compared to the same period of 2009.

Consumers’ choice

Consumers are divided over cheap products at big supermarkets, but some of them are raising questions about the practicality of the strategy.

“Cheaper products are welcomed any time, and there’s no reason to oppose it,” said Park Sun-joo, a 41-year-old housewife living in Daechi-dong, southern Seoul. “Personally, I don’t go often to buy such products because of the long lines in front of the check-stands. But it’s still up to the choice of consumers.”

Choi Choon-seok, managing director of Lotte Mart’s product merchandising headquarters, denied criticism over “bait” products.

“We should not see just one side of an issue. There are consumers on the other side,” Choi said at a news conference April 6 in the headquarters of the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business (Kbiz) in Yeoido, Seoul. “The rights and interests of consumers should be considered in a balanced way.”

At the conference, Lotte Mart announced that it would sell 30 more new Tongkeun-series products by year’s end, including a 750-gram rib at the price of 10,000 won, 1 kilogram of tofu at 1,500 won and 375 grams of bean sprouts at 1,100 won.

Lotte Mart CEO Noh Byung-yong pledged his firm would seek more active cooperation with small suppliers in manufacturing cheaper products with better quality.

“Lotte Mart will make utmost efforts to produce new products that can help not only tame inflation but also promote shared growth with small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs),” he said.

Twenty-four percent of Lotte Mart’s revenue comes from private brand (PB) sales, Noh said, adding his firm aims to and earn PB sales of 1.5 trillion won and raise the ration of PB production to 30 percent by 2014.

Suppliers on the edge

Small suppliers of those big supermarket chains or smaller supermarkets are feeling the heat.

To release cheap products on the market, large discount store chains often ask their suppliers to reduce production and delivery costs, or to manufacture low-priced PB products, despite surging material prices worldwide.

“Many suppliers face the double blind pressure on rising material costs and orders from large retailers,” an official of a small company supplying big-name discount stores with goods said on condition of anonymity. “If a retailer asks us to produce PB products, we have no choice but to accept it. But if another rival retailer gets to know it, they could threaten to cancel a contract with us. It’s like small suppliers are sandwiched between the interests of consumers and big firms.”

In January, E-Mart decided to cut the ties with a small supplier of tofu, as the contractor started manufacturing the 1 kilogram of low-priced Tongkeun tofu for Lotte Mart. E-Mart later withdrew its decision in the face of severe public criticism.

Local associations of SMEs cry foul over unfair practices of business transactions with big conglomerates, calling for overhauling the fundamental business environment.

According to Kbiz, only 35.4 percent of small suppliers were able to raise the costs of delivery in the past six months in accordance with rising inflation. Other firms were not able to do that because their contractors rejected a rise in the costs of delivery.

High commission fees are also blamed for hurting the businesses of SMEs.

“An average commission for large discount stores is much higher than that for department stores,” a spokeswoman for Kbiz said. “There’s also an unfair practice that domestic small suppliers are paying even more expensive commission than foreign companies.”

As of 2008, large retailers paid an average 21 percent commission, but small suppliers paid a 28-percent, she said.



유통업체들 ‘치킨 게임’ 점입가경

대형 유통업체들 초저가 경쟁으로 소비자 유혹


정성기 기자

치솟는 생필품 물가에 대한 국내외 우려가 확산되는 가운데 국내 대형 유통업체들이 잇따라 초저가 상품을 내놓으면서 ‘치킨게임’으로 치닫고 있다. 하지만 이런 과다경쟁이 해당 유통업체는 물론, 소비자와 납품업체들에 득이 되는지에 대한 의문점은 커지고 있다.

전문가와 유통업계 관계자들은 초저가 마케팅이 일면 인플레이션에 대한 일반 시민들의 부담을 덜어주는 데는 어느 정도 효과가 있을 순 있지만 결국은 초저가 경쟁으로 인한 부작용은 득 보다는 실이 많다고 분석한다.

전문가들에 따르면 유통업체들은 초저가 경쟁으로 수익성 하락과 제품 질 하락의 문제에 직면할 가능성이 있고 납품업체들은 치솟는 원자재 가격 상승에도 불구하고 저가 상품을 요구하는 대형 유통업체들의 요구에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 소비자들은 일명 초저가 ‘미끼’상품에 유혹될 우려가 있다.

조윤미 녹색소비자연합 본부장은 “대형 유통업체들이 서민들의 물가 인상에 대한 불안심리를 이용해 한탕주의 미끼 상품을 내놓고 있다”라며 “유통업체들이 제품 품질 향상과 신뢰성 증대보다는 초저가 경쟁 시류에 편승해 과대광고와 유혹적인 제품명 만들기에만 골몰해 있는 상황”이라고 말했다.

마켓 전쟁

업계 3위 롯데마트는 초저가 경쟁의 최대 수혜자로 불린다.

롯데마트는 이미 지난 연말 5,000짜리 ‘통큰치킨 을 출시하면서 논란의 중심에 섰다. 당시 롯데마트는 업계 1위 이마트가 11,500원짜리 초대형 피자를 내놓자 이에 대응하기 위해서 통큰 치킨을 출시했다.

치킨업계의 반발로 인해 통큰치킨은 출시 일주일 만에 판매중단됐지만 ‘통큰’이란 이름은 이후 롯데마트 상품의 인기 브랜드로 자리잡았다. 전국 195개의 매장을 보유한 롯데마트는 이후에 초저가 노트북, LED 모니터, 등산가방 등 통큰 시리즈 제품을 내 놓으면서 인기를 끌고 있다.
업계 2위 홈플러스도 이에 질세라 지난달 1,000원짜리‘착한생닭’을 판매하면서 초저가 경쟁에 뛰어들었다. 홈플러스는 총 20만 마리의 생닭을 한정 판매했다.
이마트 역시 업계 최근 만원대의 청바지 판매를 선언했다. 하지만 전세계 130여개 브랜드 5백만 점의 청바지 판매 광고와는 달리 실제청바지는 백만점 뿐이고 나머지는 진 (jean) 소재 셔츠와 티셔츠를 판매하는 것이 알려짐에 따라 과대,허위 광고의 비판을 받고 있다.

미끼 상품

이와 같은 미끼 상품들은 일반 구매자들을 유혹하는 일명 ‘미끼’ 상품이란 비판을 받고 있다.

한 업계 관계자는 “겉으로 보기엔 저가 상품들이 소비자에겐 득이 되어 보이지만 실제 따져보면 소비자들은 저가 상품에 이끌려 마트에 오게 되고 결국은 다른 제품에 더 많은 소비를 하는 경우가 많다”라며 “문제는 초저가 상품들이 대부분 수량이 한정되어 있고 짧은 기간 단기 판매 형식이기 때문에 대다수의 소비자들은 제품을 사지도 못하고 발길을 돌리는 경우가 허다하다”고 말했다.

실제로 대형 유통업체들은 저가 상품 판매 이후 마트를 찾는 소비자들 숫자의 증가에 힘입어 영업이익이 상승한 것으로 집계된다.이마트는 작년 전년보다 4.5퍼센트 높은 7천 9백억원여의 영업이익을 올린것으로 알려진다.

롯데마트를 소유하고 있는 롯데쇼핑 역시 작년 약 13조5천억 원의 매출을 올렸고 영업이익은 1조천5백원 가량인으로 알려진다. 전년에 비해 매출은 17.2 퍼센트 오르고 영업이익은 31 퍼센트 오른 수치이다.

소비자 선택권

마트를 찾는 소비자들은 엇갈린 반응을 나타내고 있지만 초저가 전략의 실효성에 대해선 의문을 제기하고 있다.

대치동에 거주하는 41살 박선주 씨는 “싼 값으로 판다면야 언제든지 소비자 입장에선 좋은 일”이라며 “길게 줄을 서야 하는 번거로움 때문에 개인적으로 저가 상품을 사러 자주 가진 않는 편”이라고 말했다.

박씨는 “하지만 결국 저가 상품을 구매하느냐 안하느냐는 소비자들이 선택할 몫”이라는 입장이다.

최춘석 롯데마트 상품본부장은 지난 6일 여의도 중소기업중앙회에서 가진 기자간담회에서 “논란의 한쪽만을 봐서는 안된다”며 “반대편에는 소비자가 있다는 것을 간과해서는 안된다”라고 말했다.

최 본부장은 “소비자의 권익 문제도 균형감 있는 시각으로 봐야 한다”라고 덧붙였다.

노병용 롯데마트 사장은 중소기업과 더욱 적극적인 협력을 기반으로 질 높은 저가 상품 생산에 힘을 기울이겠다고 강조했다.

노 사장은 “롯데마트는 물가인상의 부담감을 줄이고 중소기업과의 동반성장을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 신상품 개발에 매진할 것”이라고 밝혔다.
이와 더불어 노 사장은 롯데마트가 중소기업과 협력으로 생산되는 PB상품 비율을 2014년까지 현 24퍼센트에서 30퍼센트까지 올리는 목표를 제시했다.

중소기업은 울상

대형 유통업체 중소 납품 업체들은 초저가 경쟁 속에서 샌드위치 된 양상이다.
유통업체들은 급격히 오르는 원자재 가격 상승에도 불구하고 저가 상품 생산을 위해 납품업체들에 생산단가와 납품 단가 인하를 요구하기 때문이다.

한 중소 납품업체 관계자는 “현재 중소 업체들은 가파른 물가상승과 대형 업체들의 생산 단가 인하 요구 중간에서 이러지도 저러지도 못하는 상태”라며 “유통업체들이 값싼 PB사품 생산을 무리하게 요구한다 해도 중소업체들은 따르지 않을 방법이 없고 또 그렇게 할 경우 경쟁 유통업체가 알게 되면 해당 업체와 계약이 중단 될 위기도 맞는다”라고 어려움을 토로했다.

실제로 지난 1월 이마트는 롯데마트에 ‘통큰두부’ 납품을 한 두부업체와 계약 해지를 통보하기도 했다. 이마트는 논란이 불거지자 결정을 철회했다.
  • 1. Foreign schools unsupervised
  • 2. NK launches three short-range guided missiles: defense ministry
  • 3. 'NK has 200 mobile launchers'
  • 4. Tax office to inspect alcohol industry
  • 5. Woman jailed for stabbing husband to death after quarrel
  • 6. K-pop industry seeks leap forward
  • 7. Ahn-Moon rivalry kicks in
  • 8. When healthcare becomes a vacation
  • 9. Housing market bouncing back
  • 10. Korea still behind in software power
Copyeditors, cartoonist wanted
‘Expat citizen reporters’ wanted
Koreatimes.co.kr puts on a new dress