Lim Ju-won

By Lim Ju-won

Dry eye is a condition when insufficient tears are produced to lubricate and nourish the eye. Tears are necessary in maintaining the moisture of the surface of the eye and for providing clear vision. People with dry eyes either do not produce enough tears or have poor quality of tears resulting in a loss of film integrity and normal function.
Dry eye also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, keratitis sicca, dry eye syndrome (DES) and dysfunctional tear syndrome.

Symptoms

Most patients will present with symptoms of chronic eye irritation. Common eye complaints include dryness, red eyes, irritation, burning sensation, foreign body sensation, excessive tearing, light sensitivity and blurred vision. In severe dry eye conditions, permanent damage to visual acuity can occur from corneal scarring. If symptoms are accompanied by mouth dryness and other systemic complaints, an evaluation for Sjogren’s Syndrome should be performed. The symptoms are exacerbated by certain medications, windy and cold weather, low humidity the environment and time of day

What causes dry eyes?

The development of dry eyes can have many causes. Long term use of contact lenses can be a factor in the development. Refractive eye surgery, such as LASIK, can cause or make dry eyes worse because of decreased tear production. Activities such as staring at a computer and mobile-phone display for long periods of time can also result in dry eye symptoms.
Exposure to smoke, wind and dry air can increase tear evaporation, which contribute to drying of the eyes.
Certain medicines, including antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants, can reduce the amount of tears produced in the eyes. People with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and thyroid problems are more likely to have the symptoms of dry eyes. Also, problems with inflammation of the eyelids and inflammation of the surfaces of the eye can cause it to develop.

How to treat dry eyes?

Mild cases of dry eyes can often be managed using artificial tear solutions. These can be used as often as needed to supplement natural tear production. However, some people may have persistent dry eyes that don’t respond to artificial tears alone.
Also, link use regularly to staring at computer or mobile-phone screen for long periods of time.
Avoiding extended exposure to air conditioner or heater can help as well. If symptoms continue without relief from self care and the cause of the dry eyes is not clear, visit an ophthalmologist.

The writer is an Assistant Professor at Seoul National University Hospital International Healthcare Center (SNUH—IHC).