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North Korea
Thu, February 9, 2023 | 14:36
UN resolution leaves concerns over loopholes
EU·英·佛·獨 "제재결의 환영"…추가 제재 검토도
Posted : 2016-03-03 17:00
Updated : 2016-03-03 20:57
Yi Whan-woo
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By Yi Whan-woo

The U.N. Security Council's (UNSC) new sanctions on North Korea leave major concerns about loopholes that Pyongyang may exploit to pursue its nuclear ambitions, analysts said Thursday.

Winning unanimous approval from the 15-member council, Wednesday, UNSC Resolution 2270 authorizes widening the ban on international trade with North Korea in response to its recent nuclear and long-rang rocket tests in defiance of existing sanctions.

However, the resolution also stresses that it should not have "adverse humanitarian consequences" for civilians, largely in line with demands from China, and to a lesser extent, Russia.

Such conditions will enable North Korea to continue importing crude oil from China, export non-military items such as textiles, carry out small-scale trade at the Pyongyang-Beijing border and allow Russia to use its ice free sea port in Rajin. North Koreaflagship carrier, Air Koryo, also will be allowed to obtain jet fuel overseas.

"North Korea will try to drive a truck through any loophole they find," U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Samantha Power told the Associated Press.

Yang Moo-jin, a professor at the University of North Korean Studies, agreed.

"The new UNSC resolution is not aimed at choking North Korea to death. China apparently wanted to leave space for the repressive regime to breathe and survive," he said.

He cited that China excluded the ban on its export of crude oil to North Korea in the original text of the UNSC resolution it jointly drafted with the United States.

Toughest UN resolution
2016-03-03 16:46  |  Editorial
Rival parties welcome UN resolution on N. Korea
2016-03-03 15:04  |  North Korea
S. Korea to focus on implementing UN resolution
2016-03-03 09:36  |  North Korea
Beijing has supplied some 500,000 tons of crude oil annually to Pyongyang through a pipeline across the border. It is believed that North Korea relied on this to supply its military.

The USNC sanctions prohibit transfers of aviation fuel, including rocket fuel, to the isolated state.

Regarding the mandatory inspection of all cargo entering and leaving North Korea, vessels or aircraft will be excluded from inspection if their activities are "exclusively for purposes that will not generate revenue for DPRK individuals or entities."

The sanctions on North Korea's resources also exclude a ban on the export of North Korean-produced coal, iron and iron ore if such transactions are "determined to be exclusively for livelihood purposes."

An Chan-il, the head of the World Institute for North Korea Studies, speculated that North Korea may attempt to export coal from the Rajin port by disguising it as if it is from Siberia.

In line with Russia's demands, the resolution allows the export of Siberian-produced coal through the Rajin port, which is connected to Russia's border town of Khasan via a railroad.

An also said the North Korean regime may transport its slave workers on Air Koryo flights.

It is believed the cash-strapped regime has been pocketing wages from tens of thousands of North Korean workers who have been forcibly sent abroad to earn money to prop up the regime.

"After all, it depends on how China and Russia will be cooperative in making sure that North Korea will not exploit the U.N. resolution," said Park Won-gon, an international relations professor at Handong University.

Meanwhile, analysts downplayed the exclusion of Jang Song-chol, a Korea Mining Development Trading Corporation (KOMID) representative in Russia, from the blacklist of individuals and entities.

KOMID officials in Russia, Syria, Iran and Vietnam are responsible for carrying out nuclear-related activities. Russia asked the UNSC to exclude Jang and finalize the blacklist with 16 individuals and 12 entities.

"I'd say Russia wanted to show its prowess as a veto-wielding member of the UNSC as well as a member of the six-party talks on Pyongyang's denuclearization," Park said.


EU·英·佛·獨 "제재결의 환영"…추가 제재 검토도

유엔 안전보장이사회가 고강도 대북한 제재 결의안을 채택한 데 대해 유럽연합(EU)과 영국, 프랑스, 독일 등 EU 주요 회원국은 일제히 환영한다는 성명을 냈다.

EU는 유엔 안보리 결의안 채택에 따라 북한에 대한 추가 제재 논의에 본격 착수할 것으로 보인다.

페데리카 모게리니 EU 외교안보 고위대표는 2일(현지시간) 유엔 안보리의 대북 제재 결의안 2270호는 전 지구적 핵비확산 체제에 대한 지지를 표명한 것이라고 평가했다.

모게리니 대표는 이날 성명에서 결의안 채택은 북한의 불법적인 핵무기, 대량파괴무기(WMD), 탄도미사일 프로그램과 이에 대한 자금원을 겨냥한 국제사회의 단결과 결의를 분명하게 보여준 것이라면서 이같이 말했다.

모게리니 대표는 EU는 유엔 안보리 결의를 즉각 이행할 수 있도록 법제화할 것이며 이를 보완할 수 있는 EU 자체의 추가 제재를 검토할 것이라고 밝혔다.

EU 당국은 북한이 4차 핵실험을 강행하고 장거리 로켓(미사일)을 발사한 데 대해 대북 제재 방안을 검토해 왔다.

EU 외교소식통은 유엔 안보리 제재가 나온 이후에 안보리 제재와 별도로 EU 차원의 추가 제재 방안을 마련할 것이라고 이미 밝혔다.

EU는 지난 2013년 2월 북한이 3차 핵실험을 단행했을 당시에도 북한에 대해 금융 및 무역제재, 자산 동결, 그리고 여행제한 등 광범위하고 강력한 제재를 부과했다. 당시 EU의 추가 제재에는 유엔 차원에서 승인된 제재의 이행과 아울러 EU 자체의 금융 및 무역 제재 방안이 포함됐다.

EU는 북한에 대해 무기 및 핵개발 관련 기술 수출을 금지하고 있으며 사치품 금수, 자산 동결, 여행 제한 등의 제재를 가하고 있다.

유엔 안보리 상임이사국인 영국 정부는 북한이 핵무기와 탄도미사일 개발을 계속한다면 추가적인 안보리 행동에 직면할 것이라고 경고했다.

필립 해먼드 영국 외무장관은 성명에서 '북한이 핵무기와 탄도미사일 개발을 주민들 삶의 개선보다 우선하는 현재의 노선을 계속하면 추가적인 고립과 안보리 행동에 직면할 것'이라고 강조했다.

해먼드 장관은 '북한은 도발들을 중단하고 국제사회와의 건설적 관계를 위한 가시적 조치를 해야 한다'면서 '태도를 바꾸고 구체적 조치들을 취할 용의가 있다면 국제사회는 이에 긍정적으로 반응할 것'이라면서 이같이 경고했다.

역시 안보리 상임이사국인 프랑스의 장 마르크 에로 외무장관도 외교부 홈페이지에 올린 성명에서 대북 결의안 만장일치 채택은 '북한의 무책임하고 용납할 수 없는 도발에 대해 국제사회가 단호하게 대응한 것'이라고 평가했다.

에로 외무장관은 이어 '북한이 핵무기와 미사일 개발 프로그램을 완전히, 입증할 수 있고 되돌릴 수 없도록 폐기하라'고 촉구했다.

독일 외교부도 이날 홈페이지에 게시한 성명에서 유엔 안보리의 대북 제재 강화 결의 조치를 환영한다면서 북한 정권에 중요한 신호를 보냈다고 평가했다.

마르틴 셰퍼 독일 외교부 대변인은 '북한의 핵실험 강행과 탄도 기술을 이용한 로켓 발사 등 용납할 수 없는 도발 이후, 새로운 징계 조치는 불가피하면서도 당연한 반응이며 평양의 권력자들에 대한 중요한 신호'라고 강조했다. (연합뉴스)
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