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North Korea
Thu, February 9, 2023 | 14:46
Firms begin pulling out from Gaeseong complex
교류·협력 올스톱…남북관계 '빙하기'
Posted : 2016-02-11 16:52
Updated : 2016-02-11 21:19
Yi Whan-woo
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South Korean trucks from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea pass a checkpoint near the inter-Korean border in Paju, Gyeonggi Province, Thursday. / Korea Times photo by Seo Jae-hoon
South Korean trucks from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea pass a checkpoint near the inter-Korean border in Paju, Gyeonggi Province, Thursday. / Korea Times photo by Seo Jae-hoon

By Yi Whan-woo


South Korea began to pull out staff and material from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex (GIC) in North Korea, Thursday, a day after it announced a closure of the inter-Korean complex.

No major disturbances occurred in the complex despite concerns here that North Korea may obstruct the firms there from pulling out.

The officials from Seoul's Gaeseong Industrial District Management Committee put priority on ensuring the safety of the South Korean workforce in negotiations as it prepares to pull out from the inter-Korean industrial park, according to the Ministry of Unification.

During a meeting with Pyongyang's Central Special Development Guidance Bureau representatives, the committee members also discussed ways of retrieving finished goods and factory equipment before cutting supplies of electricity and water at the GIC.

However, it remains to be seen whether North Korea will be cooperative regarding the South's move to completely halt operation of the GIC, which Seoul suspects is Pyongyang's major source of hard currency for financing its U.N.-banned nuclear and missile programs.

Analysts have speculated that the repressive regime may deport the South Korean workforce in retaliation for Seoul's decision concerning the GIC. It decided to shut down the joint factory park in Gaeseong as punishment for Pyongyang's launch of a long-range rocket on Feb. 7, which is regarded by other nations as a ballistic missile test.

S. Korea cuts off electric power to Gaeseong complex
S. Korea cuts off electric power to Gaeseong complex
2016-02-12 11:36  |  North Korea
N. Korea expels workers, freezes assets in Gaeseong
N. Korea expels workers, freezes assets in Gaeseong
2016-02-11 19:52  |  National
Shutdown takes major toll on firms in Gaeseong
2016-02-11 16:15  |  Companies
South may drop trans-Korea project, too
2016-02-11 16:47  |  National
The observers also said that the impoverished Kim Jong-un regime may freeze all assets at the GIC and ban 124 South Korean enterprises with businesses located there from taking their products and equipment back home.

Citing that the citizens of Gaeseong rely on electricity and water supplied via the GIC, the experts said that North Korea may also be against cutting such supplies. It is also possible that Pyongyang will argue about issues concerning taxes as well as wages for over 50,000 North Korean employees hired by the 124 companies.

"I don't think Pyongyang will hold our citizens as hostages, but it's possible that it will deport them except for those who need to stay there to wrap up their respective company's business," said Yang Moo-jin, a professor at the University of North Korean Studies.

There were a total of 184 South Koreans remaining in the GIC as of Thursday morning. This figure will be subject to change until the companies fully pull out, according to the unification ministry.

Koh Yu-hwan, a North Korean Studies professor at Dongguk University, said that North Korea may prevent the firms from taking their property.

Pyongyang says that each company should only be allowed to bring back one truckload of materials, according to government sources.

"North Korea knows too well that such an amount is far too small considering that the 124 companies have run businesses at the GIC since it opened in 2004," said Koh.

"At the same time, it knows that the shutdown may be permanent given that Seoul is stepping up efforts to join the international sanctions against Pyongyang.

"The Kim regime may try to ‘steal' all property at the GIC.

"It's also possible that the regime may claim that Seoul's decision concerning the GIC was unilateral and demand to pay land usage tax and also wages for its laborers."


교류·협력 올스톱…남북관계 '빙하기'

나진-하산 프로젝트 추진도 무기한 보류
개성공단 재가동 없이는 남북교류 재개 쉽지 않을 듯

북한의 제4차 핵실험에 이은 장거리 미사일 발사 강행으로 남북 간의 교류·협력이 완전히 중단됐다.

정부는 10일 남북 교류의 마지막 보루로 여겨지던 개성공단의 가동을 전면 중단했고, 남·북·러 3국 협력사업인 나진-하산 프로젝트 추진도 무기한 보류된 것으로 알려졌다.

이에 앞서 정부는 지난달 초 북한의 제4차 핵실험에 대한 대응 조치로 민간 차원의 교류 및 대북지원을 한시 보류했다.

당시 홍용표 통일부 장관은 국회 외교통일위원회 긴급현안보고에서 '민간 차원의 접촉, 방북 등을 잠정 보류하겠다'고 밝혔고, 정부 당국자는 '북측의 잘못된 행위로 엄중한 상황이 발생했다는 것을 보이기 위한 조치'라고 설명했다.

여기에 아랑곳하지 않고 북측은 불과 한 달 만에 장거리 미사일을 발사하는 추가도발에 나섰고 정부가 제한 조치를 한층 강화하면서 남북관계는 완전히 얼어붙게 됐다.

당장 11일부터 입주기업 및 협력업체 관계자들의 철수가 진행되는 개성공단은 사실상 영구폐쇄 수순을 밟을 것으로 전망된다. 전문가들은 개성공단의 폐쇄는 남북경협의 전면 중단을 의미한다고 보고 있다.

김용현 동국대 북한학과 교수는 '남북경협이란 부분이 완전히 없어지는 것이고, 나진-하산 프로젝트 등도 중단될 가능성이 크다'고 말했다.

실제 정부는 지난해 말 사업 타당성을 검증하기 위한 3차 시범운송을 마치고 본계약 체결 관련 협상이 진행 중이었던 한·중·러 3국 물류협력 사업인 나진-하산 프로젝트의 추진을 무기한 연기했다고 한다.

사회문화교류 측면에서 장기적으로 추진됐던 사업에도 잇따라 제동이 걸리고 있다.

개성 만월대 남북공동발굴조사가 대표적이다.

남북역사학자협의회는 애초 이달부터 8차 발굴을 진행할 예정이었으나 조사 착수가 연기됐고, 재개될 기약도 보이지 않고 있다.

만월대 공동발굴은 2007년 시작됐고, 2010년 천안함 피격 사건으로 2011년부터 3년간 발굴이 중단된 바 있다.

남북한 언어의 동질성 회복을 위해 2006년부터 진행된 겨레말큰사전 편찬 사업 등도 대부분 중단 수순을 밟을 것으로 보인다. 민생·문화·환경이라는 '남북 3대 통로' 개척 차원에서 진행돼 온 남북 교류·협력 사업들이 전면 중단되는 것이다.

이는 남북간 대화의 완전한 단절을 의미할 수 있고, 남북관계는 상당 기간 빙하기에 접어들 것으로 보인다.

이러한 조치는 현 정부의 대북정책 기조가 '도발에 대한 단호한 대응'과 '대화와 협력'을 병행한다는 한반도 신뢰 프로세스에서 사실상 이탈한 것이라는 해석도 낳고 있다.

정부는 북한의 4차 핵실험 이후 한반도 신뢰 프로세스의 기조는 유지하되 무게중심을 '대화와 협력'에서 '단호한 대응'으로 옮긴 상태였다.

그런 상황에서 개성공단 폐쇄와 남북교류사업 전면 중단 카드를 꺼내 든 것은 정부가 한발 더 나아가 압박과 대화를 병행한다는 기조를 사실상 포기한 것 아니냐는 것이다.

중단된 남북교류 사업은 개성공단이 재가동되지 않는 한 재개가 쉽지 않아 보인다.

정부는 '북한이 핵과 미사일 개발에 대한 우려를 해소해야 공단 재가동이 가능하다'고 밝혔지만 북측이 이를 받아들일 가능성은 크지 않아 보인다. (연합뉴스)
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