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<´ÙÀ½ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºóÄÀ» ä¿öº¸¼¼¿ä> ( Friction, static electricity, repel, attract ) Some movies can be very scary. ¾î¶² ¿µÈ´Â ¸Å¿ì ¹«¼·½À´Ï´Ù. These movies may make people close their eyes or even scream. ÀÌ·± ¿µÈµéÀ» º¼ ¶§ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´«À» °¨°Å³ª ȤÀº ºñ¸íÀ» Áö¸£±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Some movies are so scary that people say their hair stands on end. ¾î¶² ¿µÈ´Â ³Ê¹« ¹«¼¿ö¼ ¸Ó¸® ³¡±îÁö ÂÞ»ÄÇϴٴ ǥÇöÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Of course, this is just an expression, but there actually is a way to make a person¡¯'s hair stand on end. ¹°·Ð À̰ÍÀº Ç¥ÇöÀ̶ó°í´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾î¶² °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀÌ ³¡±îÁö ÀϾ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. You don¡¯'t have to go to a scary movie. ²À °øÆ÷¿µÈ¸¦ º¼ ¶§¸¸Àº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. All you have to do is use a device called a Van de Graaff generator. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Van de Graaff ¹ßÀü±â¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¸ ÁغñÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. To understand how this device works, you have to know something about (1)________________. ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë±â À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Á¤Àü±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. There are several ways to build up electrical charge in an object. ¹°Ã¼¿¡ Á¤Àü±â¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. One way is to use (2)_____________. ÇÑ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº ¸¶ÂûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä. For example, imagine that you rub an inflated balloon through your hair. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é °ø±â°¡ µç dz¼±À» ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô¿¡ ¹®Áö¸¥´Ù°í ÇØº¸¼¼¿ä. Rubbing produces friction. ¹®Áö¸£¸é ¸¶ÂûÀÌ »ý°Ü³³´Ï´Ù. Friction causes electrons to move from your hair to the balloon. ¸¶ÂûÀº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô¿¡¼ dz¼±À¸·Î À̵¿½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. Electrons have a negative charge. ÀüÀÚ´Â À½Àü±â¸¦ °¡Áý´Ï´Ù. The balloon gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. dz¼±Àº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¾ò¾î À½Àü±â¸¦ ÃàÀüÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Your hair loses electrons. ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇÁö¿ä. As your hair loses negative charges, it becomes positively charged. ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀÌ À½Àü±â¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¸é ¾çÀü±â¸¦ ÃàÀüÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. Notice that the hair and the balloon have opposite charges. ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô°ú dz¼±ÀÌ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ Àü±â¸¦ ÃàÀüÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Æ½Ã°ÚÁÒ. Opposite charges (3)____________. ¹Ý´ëÀÇ ÀüÇÏ´Â ¼·Î ²ø¾î´ç±é´Ï´Ù. If you bring the balloon close to your hair, the two will attract each other. ´ç½ÅÀÌ Ç³¼±À» ¸Ó¸® °¡±îÀÌ·Î °¡Á®°¡¸é ±× µÑÀº ¼·Î ²ø¾î´ç±é´Ï´Ù. So static electricity can cause objects to attract each other. Á¤Àü±â°¡ µÎ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ ¼·Î ²ø¾î´ç±âµµ·Ï ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Static electricity can also cause objects to repel each other. Á¤Àü±â´Â µÎ ¹°Ã¼¸¦ ¼·Î ¹Ð¾î³»µµ·Ï ¸¸µé±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. This is how a Van de Graaff generator works. ÀÌ ¿ø¸®·Î Van de Graaff ¹ßÀü±â°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ. This device has a metal dome. ÀÌ Àåºñ´Â ö·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ® µ¼ÇüÀ¸·Î »ý°å½À´Ï´Ù. Electrons collect on the metal dome. ÀüÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ µ¼ÇüÀ¸·Î µÈ ö ¾È¿¡ ¸ðÀÔ´Ï´Ù. If someone touches the dome, the electrons will flow through the person. ´©±º°¡ ÀÌ µÕ±Ù µ¤°³¸¦ ¸¸Áö°Ô µÇ¸é, Àü±â°¡ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô È帨´Ï´Ù. These electrons will collect on the person¡¯'s hair. ÀÌ ÀüÀÚ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô¿¡ ¸ðÀÌ°Ô µÇÁö¿ä. The hair will become covered with negative charges. ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀº ¿ÂÅë À½ÀüÇϷΠä¿öÁý´Ï´Ù. Like charges repel. °°Àº ÀüÇÏ´Â ¹Ð¾î³»Áö¿ä. As a result, the strands of hair will repel each other. ±× °á°ú ±× ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ ½¢Àº ¼·Î¸¦ ¹Ð¾î³»°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. This causes the hair to stand on end. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀÌ ³¡±îÁö ¼°Ô µÇÁö¿ä. See, you don¡¯'t even have to watch a scary movie! Á¤¸»ÀÌÁö ¹«¼¿î ¿µÈ¸¦ º¼ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù´Ï±î¿ä! Answers (1) static electricity. (2) friction (3) attract (4) repel |
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