| | .jpg)
<´ÙÀ½ ¾îÈÖ¸¦ Ȱ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºóÄÀ» ä¿öº¸¼¼¿ä> ( make up, a drought, population, reproduce ) A (1)_____________ is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area. ±ºÁýÀ̶õ Áö¿ª¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â °°Àº Á¾ÀÇ »ý¹°µéÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. For example, all the oak trees in a forest (2) ____________ a population. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, °°Àº ½£ ¼ÓÀÇ Âü³ª¹«´Â ±ºÁýÀ» ÀÌ·ì´Ï´Ù. All the deer in the same forest make up a different population. °°Àº ½£¿¡ »ç´Â »ç½¿µéÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±ºÁýÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁÒ. All the people in a city also make up a population. µµ½ÃÀÇ »ç¶÷µé ¶ÇÇÑ ±ºÁýÀ» ÀÌ·ì´Ï´Ù. Populations can change over time. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó °³Ã¼ÀÇ ¼ö´Â º¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. They may get bigger, or they may get smaller. °³Ã¼ÀÇ ¼ö´Â ´õ Ä¿Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ´õ ÀÛ¾ÆÁú ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´ä´Ï´Ù.
When the size of a population changes, it can affect the size of another population. ÇϳªÀÇ ±ºÁýÀÇ Å©±â°¡ º¯ÇÏ¸é ´Ù¸¥ ±ºÁýÀÇ Å©±â¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌĨ´Ï´Ù. Imagine a population of hawks and a population of mice in a forest. ¸ÅÀÇ °³Ã¼ ¼ö¿Í »ýÁãÀÇ °³Ã¼ ¼ö¸¦ °¡Á¤Çغ¸¼¼¿ä. Hawks eat mice for food. ¸Å´Â »ýÁ㸦 Àâ¾Æ¸Ô½À´Ï´Ù. What would happen if the population of mice got bigger? »ýÁãÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ´õ ¸¹´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ »ý±æ±î¿ä? There would be more food for the hawks. ¸Åµé¿¡°Ô´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸ÔÀ̵éÀÌ »ý±æ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
So, more hawks would survive and (3) ____________. ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸ÅµéÀÌ »ýÁ¸ÇÏ°í ¹ø½ÄÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Over time, the hawk population would also get bigger. ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³²¿¡ µû¶ó ¸ÅµéÀÇ °³Ã¼¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Suppose the hawk population kept getting bigger. ¸ÅµéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ Á¡Á¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁø´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çغ¸¼¼¿ä. The mouse population would get smaller because so many hawks would be eating the mice. ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº ¼ýÀÚÀÇ ¸ÅµéÀÌ »ýÁ㸦 Àâ¾Æ ¸Ô¾î ¹ö¸®¸é »ýÁãÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â Á¡Á¡ ÁÙ¾îµé °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Gradually, there would be fewer mice for the hawks to eat. ¼¼È÷ ¸ÅµéÀÌ Àâ¾Æ¸ÔÀ» »ýÁã°¡ Á¡Á¡ ÁÙ¾îµé°ÚÁö¿ä. So, fewer hawks would survive, and the hawk population would eventually get smaller, too. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¸ÅµéÀÌ Á¡Á¡ »ì ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ°í °á±¹ ¸ÅÀÇ ±ºÁýÀÇ Å©±â´Â ´õ¿í ÀÛ¾ÆÁö°ÚÁö¿ä. Sometimes changes in weather cause populations to get bigger or smaller. ¶§¶§·Î ³¯¾¾ÀÇ º¯È°¡ »ý¹° ±ºÁýÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ Å©°Å³ª ÀÛ°Ô ¸¸µé±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. If there is (4)____________ in grassland, there is less water for the grasses. ÃÊ¿ø¿¡ °¡¹³ÀÌ »ý±â¸é Ç®µéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¹°À» »¡¾Æ µéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Without enough water, the population of grasses would get smaller. ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹°ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é ¸ñÃÊÁöÀÇ Å©±â´Â ÀÛ¾Æ Áú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Populations of zebra and gazelles that eat the grasses might also get smaller. ¸ñÃʸ¦ ¸Ô°í »ç´Â ¾ó·è¸»°ú °¡Á©ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â Á¡Á¡ Àû¾îÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
They may not be able to find enough food to eat. ±×µéÀº ÃæºÐÇÑ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Droughts can also cause streams to run dry. °¡¹³Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏõÀÇ ¹°À» °í°¥½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. When a stream dries out, many of the organisms that live in it die. ÇÏõÀÌ ¸¶¸£¸é ±× ¾È¿¡ »ç´Â ¸¹Àº »ý¹°Ã¼´Â Á×°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. Populations of crayfish and minnows in a stream would get smaller without enough water. ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹°ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö¸é ´ëÇÏ¿Í ÇǶó¹ÌÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â Àû¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. Otters, raccoons, and herons feed on crayfish and minnows. ¼ö´Þ°ú ³Ê±¸¸® ±×¸®°í ¿Ö°¡¸®µéÀº ´ëÇÏ¿Í ÇǶó¹ÌµéÀ» ¸Ô°í »ð´Ï´Ù. The populations of these animals could also get smaller when a stream runs dry because they have less food to eat. ÇÏõÀÌ ¸Þ¸»¶ó ¸ÔÀ̰¡ Àû¾îÁö¸é ÀÌ µ¿¹°µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ´õ Àû¾îÁý´Ï´Ù. Answers (1) population (2) make up (3) reproduce (4) a drought |
|