| | ÃÖ±Ù ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ ÀÏ¾î³ Æøµ¿ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ±ºÁ߽ɸ®°¡ Å©°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇß´Ù´Â ºÐ¼®ÀÌ ³ª¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÁ¦·ÂÀ» ÀÒ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¾ðµ¿¿¡ µû¶ó ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ½É¸® »óŸ¦ ±ºÁ߽ɸ®, ¶¼°Å¸® ÇൿÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. Áú¼¿Í ÀαÇÀÇ ¸ð¹üÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¿µ±¹ ·±´ø¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æøµ¿ÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÈ ¹ß´Ü, °úÁ¤µéÀº °è¼ÓÇØ¼ Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ºÐ¼®µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î Å« À̽´°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. »çȸ¹®Á¦¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ ½É¸®Çൿ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÅäÇà Áö¹®ÀÌ Á¾Á¾ µîÀåÇϹǷΠÁÖÀÇ ±í°Ô »ìÆìº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. On August 4, 2011, a man named Mark Duggan was fatally shot by police in the London borough of Tottenham as they attempted to arrest him on drug charges. Duggan¡¯s family told reporters he was unarmed, but police claimed he had fired on them. (Later it emerged that he had a gun but had not fired it.) On August 6, about two hundred local residents organized a protest march to the Tottenham police station, demanding to hear from a senior officer. Gradually, the crowd grew, with some newcomers bringing weapons. It is unclear exactly how, but the demonstration became a riot. The unrest quickly spread from Tottenham to other districts of the capital, and then to a dozen other English cities. For days, mobs of young people¡ªmost of them under twenty years old¡ªset fire to buildings and cars, looted businesses, and attacked bystanders. The damage amounted to over ?200 million, and police made more than three thousand arrests. Five people died. By August 10, calm was restored, but the debate over the cause of the shocking violence was just beginning. Britons divided into two broad camps: One considered the riots an uprising of the poor and powerless, expressing justified anger at an economically and racially unequal society. The other regarded the rioters without sympathy as merely opportunistic thugs. For example, Prime Minister David Cameron described the disturbances as ¡°criminality, pure and simple.¡± In fact, both points of view seem at least partly valid. The ¡°uprising¡± theory is supported by the fact that the violence was sparked by an apparently unjust police shooting of a black man, and that it was concentrated in poorer areas with high unemployment. On the other hand, there were rioters from all races and income groups; they made no attempt to articulate a political message, and they took obvious delight in stealing luxury goods from their own neighbors. These facts all lend some support to Cameron¡¯s harsher view. No matter what the rioters¡¯ motives, everyone can agree that many of them were otherwise law-abiding youths who behaved collectively in ways they never would have alone. Social psychologists have long noted the human tendency to follow the crowd, even to the point of acting in uncharacteristic ways. Though this tendency is often referred to as ¡°mob mentality,¡± psychologists prefer the less judgmental term ¡°herd behavior.¡± Like all social animals, we constantly look to others for cues on how to behave. ¡áBut being in an emotionally charged crowd can make immoral or criminal behavior seem acceptable, since it involves ¡°de-individuation.¡± ¡á This is a phenomenon in which a person suppresses his or her individuality¡ªsense of self¡ªin favor of identifying more strongly with the group as a whole. ¡á A related idea is that being in a large a group provides anonymity, and with that comes a diffusion of responsibility: people begin to view the blame for their own anti-social acts as spread out over the entire group. ¡á Thus, the revulsion (and fear of punishment) we would normally feel at the thought of looting from store¡¯s shelves may disappear if everyone around us is doing just that. 1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1? (a) Duggan was not guilty of any crime. (b) The protest was initially non-violent. (c) All five of the deaths occurred in London. (d) Tottenham is a low-crime area of the city. TIPS: ù ¹øÂ° ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼ ½ÅÂüµéÀÌ ¹«±â¸¦ µé°í ÇÕ·ùÇß´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Ã³À½¿¡´Â ºñÆø·ÂÀûÀÎ ½ÃÀ§¿´´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (b)°¡ Á¤´äÀÌ´Ù. 2. Which of the following is true, according to paragraph 2? (a) The rioters made their political motivations clear. (b) There is no evidence that poverty was a factor in the riots. (c) Most of the violence took place in wealthier districts. (d) David Cameron stated his belief in the ¡°uprising¡± theory. TIPS: µÎ ¹øÂ° ´Ü¶ô¿¡¼ David CameronÀº ÀÌ ³í¶õ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¡°´Ù¸§ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹üÁË¡±¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (d)°¡ ³»¿ë°ú ÀÏÄ¡ÇÑ´Ù. 3. Look at the four squares [¡á] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Such behavior can be harmless, as when people choose a busy restaurant over an empty one. Where would the sentence best fit? TIPS: Such behavior °¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» °¡¸®Å°´ÂÁö ÀÚ¼¼È÷ »ìÆì º¸¸é ´äÀº ½±°Ô ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÇൿÀº ÅÖÅÖ ºñ¾î ÀÖ´Â ·¹½ºÅä¶ûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ¹Ù»Û ·¹½ºÅä¶ûÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Çൿó·³ ¹«ÇØÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ ¹®Àå ¾ÕÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ºñÆø·ÂÀûÀÎ, ¹«ÇØÇÑ ÇൿÀÌ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇϹǷΠù ¹øÂ° ³×¸ð°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
Á¤´ä1. B, 2.D, 3. first square Vocabulary -unarmed : adj. ¹«±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº / Not carrying any weapons -mob : n. ±ºÁß, ¹«¸® / A large noisy crowd, especially one that is angry and violent -riot : n. Æøµ¿ / A situation in which a large crowd of people are behaving in a violent way when they are protesting about something -unequal : adj. ºÒ°øÆòÇÑ / Not to have equal in number, amount or level -uprising : n. ºÀ±â, ¹Ý¶õ / An attempt by a group of people to change the government, laws -articulate : v. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Ù / To express your ideas or feeling in words -immoral : adj. ºÎµµ´öÇÑ / Morally wrong -anonymity : n. À͸í / When other people do not know who you are or what your name is -revulsion : n. Çø¿À°¨, ¿ª°Ü¿ò / A strong feeling of shock and very strong dislike -diffusion : n. ¹ß»ê, È®»ê / To spread ideas or information among a lot of people
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