| | TOEFL Analytics - ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»êÀº Áö±¸ ¿Â³È Çö»ó°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÅäÇÃÁö¹®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ÁÖÁ¦´Ù. ÀÚÁÖ ÃâÁ¦µÇ´Â ÁÖÁ¦ÀÎ ¸¸Å ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»êÀÇ Çü¼º°úÁ¤, Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» À̹ø ±âȸ¿¡ °ü½É ÀÖ°Ô »ìÆìº¸¸é¼ °ü·Ã ¹è°æÁö½ÄÀ» ½×¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. Approximately 70% of the world¡¯s fresh water supply is locked in glaciers and icebergs. Glaciers are large bodies of ice that originate on land. Icebergs are bodies of frozen freshwater which float in the ocean. These huge masses of ice were formed during previous Ice Ages¡ªthousands of years ago¡ªand can be found on every continent today. ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»ê¿¡´Â Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ´ã¼öÀÇ ¾à 70 ÆÛ¼¾Æ®°¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¾óÀ½µ¢ÀÌÀÎ ºùÇÏ´Â ¶¥¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù. ºùÇÏ´Â ´ã¼ö°¡ ¾óÀº ÇüÅÂÀÌ¸ç ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¶°ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ ¾óÀ½µ¢À̵éÀº ¼ö õ³â Àü¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ºùÇϱ⠵¿¾È¿¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ¿À´Ã³¯ ¸ðµç ´ë·ú¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Glaciers form when large amounts of snow collect in a single area. As snow piles up, the weight of the top layer of snow begins to compress the lower layers. This eventually results in the formation of glacial ice. A glacier is formed when a significant amount of glacial ice collects and is joined together into a single body. At least sixty to seventy meters of ice and snow are necessary in order for glacial ice to form. ºùÇÏ´Â ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ ´Ù·®ÀÇ ´«ÀÌ ½×À̸é Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº ´«ÀÌ °ãÃÄ ½×À̸é, À§Ãþ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´«ÀÇ ¹«°Ô°¡ ¾Æ·¡ Ãþ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´«À» ¾ÐÃàÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. °á±¹ ºùÇÏ ±× ÀÚüÀÇ ±âÃÊÀÎ ºùÇϾóÀ½ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ±â¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. ºùÇÏ´Â »ó´ç·®ÀÇ ºùÇϾóÀ½ÀÌ ¸ð¿© ÇÑ µ¢ÀÌ·Î ÇÕÃÄÁö¸é Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ºùÇϾóÀ½ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÇ±â À§Çؼ´Â Àû¾îµµ 60~70 ¹ÌÅÍÀÇ ¾óÀ½°ú ´«ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. Glaciers can be formed in nearly any geographical region, provided the environmental conditions are right. Valley glaciers, as the name would suggest, are the result of snow collecting and compressing in valleys. They are the smallest type of glaciers. Ice caps, on the other hand, are massive glaciers that form at the top of mountains or volcanoes. These glaciers can span several miles. The largest type of glaciers are polar ice caps¡ªhuge masses of glacial ice that are very thick and very large¡ªwhich exist only in Greenland and Antarctica. ºùÇϴ ȯ°æÁ¶°Ç¸¸ Àû´çÇÏ¸é °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö¸®±¸(ò¢×âÏ¡)¿¡ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °è°îºùÇÏ´Â ±× À̸§ÀÌ ½Ã»çÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ´«ÀÌ °è°î¿¡ ½×ÀÌ°í ¾ÐÃàµÈ °á°úÀ̰í, ºùÇÏ °¡¿îµ¥ °¡Àå ÀÛÀº ÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ºù¿øÀº »êÀ̳ª È»êÀÇ Á¤»ó¿¡ Çü¼ºµÈ °Å´ëÇÑ ºùÇÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ºùÇÏ´Â ¸î ¸¶ÀϱîÁö »¸Ä¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇÏÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ÇüÅ´ ±ØÁöºù¿øÀ¸·Î, ¸Å¿ì µÎ²®°í, ¸Å¿ì Å« ºùÇϾóÀ½ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ µ¢¾î¸®Àε¥, ±×¸°¶õµå¿Í ³²±Ø¿¡¸¸ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. Even though glaciers are usually quite large, they are mobile. Larger glaciers can crack and fracture due to pressure caused by the glacial ice. The pressure can cause the glacial ice to crack horizontally, which enables the top glacial layer to slide across the lower layer. Glaciers in temperate environments, on the other hand, tend to be smaller than those in arctic areas and can actually move without cracking. This movement occurs when ice melts at the base of the glacier, lubricating the glacial surface and allowing the glacier to slide along the ground. ºùÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì Å©Áö¸¸ À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ Å« ºùÇÏ´Â À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ºùÇϾóÀ½ÀÇ ¾Ð·Â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±ÝÀÌ °¡°í ±Õ¿ÀÌ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Ð·ÂÀº ºùÇϾóÀ½À» ¼öÆòÀ¸·Î ±ÝÀÌ °¡°Ô Çϴµ¥, »óÃþÀÇ ºùÇϰ¡ ÇÏÃþÀÇ ºùÇϸ¦ °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¹Ì²ô·¯Áö°Ô ÇÏ¿© ºùÇÏÀÇ À̵¿À» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¿ÂÈÇÑ È¯°æÀÇ ºùÇÏ´Â ±ØÁöÀÇ ºùÇϺ¸´Ù ´õ ÀÛÀº °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ±ÝÀÌ °¡Áö ¾Ê°íµµ ½ÇÁö·Î À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ À̵¿Àº ¾óÀ½ÀÌ ºùÇÏÀÇ ¹Ù´Ú¿¡¼ ³ì¾Æ ºùÇÏÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡ À±È°ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ¿© ¶¥ À§¿¡¼ ¹Ì²ô·¯Áö°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. In spite of the lubrication, there is still a significant amount of friction between the glacier and the land that it moves across. The movement of glaciers drastically affects the geography of the land. As a glacier slides across the landscape, debris¡ªtrees, vegetation, rocks, etc.¡ªcan be picked up. This material, called glacial sediment, can later be deposited across the landscape to form streambeds, hills, or other geological land formations. À±È°ÀÛ¿ë¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ºùÇÏ¿Í ±× ºùÇϰ¡ À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ¶¥ »çÀÌ¿¡ »ó´ç·®ÀÇ ¸¶ÂûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇÏÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÁöÇüÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇϰ¡ dz°æÀ» °¡·ÎÁú·¯ ¹Ì²ô·¯Áú ¶§, ³ª¹«, Ãʸñ, ¹ÙÀ§ µîÀÇ ÀÜÇØ¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇÏÅðÀû¹°À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ÀÌ ¹°ÁúÀº µÚ¿¡ dz°æ¿¡ ½×¿©¼ °¹Ù´ÚÀ̳ª, ¾ð´ö, ¶Ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÁöÇüÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. Alternatively, glacier movement can erode the earth, leaving a smoother, more level surface in its wake. For instance, a glacier can pick up a large rock and carry it away from an area, making it smoother in a process called scouring. Through scouring, material can become incorporated into the glacier itself and will not be deposited in a new location. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é, ºùÇÏÀÇ À̵¿Àº ±×°ÍÀÌ À̵¿Çذ¡´Â ¶¥À» ħ½Ä½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¼, Áö³ª°£ ÈçÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ ¸Å²ô·´°í ÆòÆòÇÑ Ç¥¸éÀ» ³²±ä´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ºùÇÏ´Â Å« µ¹°ú ¹ÙÀ§¸¦ ²ø¾îµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¼, ±×°ÍµéÀ» ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¿Å°Ü°¡´Â ¹Ù, ¼öÁßħ½ÄÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °úÁ¤ ¼Ó¿¡ Áö¸éÀ» ´õ ¸Å²ô·´°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù. ¼öÁßħ½ÄÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿©, ¹°ÁúÀº ºùÇÏ ÀÚü¿¡ ÅëÇÕµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¼ Áö³ª°£ ÈçÀûÀ¸·Î ÅðÀûµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Large moving glaciers can grow to form two types of glaciers. Outlet glaciers result from large ice caps that reach outward into surrounding valleys. These types of glaciers can continue to extend until they reach water. The result is a tidewater glacier, which forms when outlet glaciers make contact with the ocean. Occasionally, pieces of the tidewater glacier will break off in a process called calving¡ªcalved pieces of glacier are known as icebergs. Å« À̵¿ºùÇÏ´Â µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºùÇϵéÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹èÃâºùÇÏ´Â, ´õ Å« µ¢¾î¸®°¡ ÇØ¾ÈÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© À̵¿ÇÒ ¶§, ºù¿øÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í °ñÀÚ±â·Î ³»·Á°¡´Â ÈξÀ ´õ Å« ºù¿ø¿¡¼ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ºùÇϵéÀº ¹°¿¡ À̸£±â ¶§±îÁö °è¼Ó È®ÀåÇÑ´Ù. ºùÇϰ¡ À̵¿ÇÏ¿© µåµð¾î ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ µµÂøÇϸé, ¹èÃâºùÇÏÀÇ Ç¥¸éÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù¿Í Á¢ÃËÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¶¼öºùÇϰ¡ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î Á¶¼öºùÇÏÀÇ Á¶°¢µéÀÌ ºÐ¸®¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â °úÁ¤À¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù¡ªºùÇÏ¿¡¼ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ¹Ù´Ù¿¡ ¶°´Ù´Ï´Â Á¶°¢µéÀº ºù»êÀ̶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Glaciers and icebergs form approximately 70% of the world¡¯s fresh water. If they were to melt, the excess water would enter into Earth¡¯s water cycle and cause sea levels to rise significantly¡ªflooding many populated coastal areas. Understanding their movement and formation, as well as the way that glaciers and icebergs interact with our environment, are crucial in a time when global temperatures are on the rise. ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»êÀº Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ´ã¼öÀÇ ¾à 70 ÆÛ¼¾Æ®¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ³ìÀ¸¸é, ÇØ¼ö¸éÀÌ Å©°Ô »ó½ÂÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ »ç´Â ÇØ¾ÈÁö¹æÀ» ħ¼ö½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»êÀÇ À̵¿°ú Çü¼º»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ È¯°æ°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Áö±¸ ¿Âµµ°¡ »ó½ÂÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¶§¿¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. 1. According to paragraph 3, all of the following is true EXCEPT: (A) Glaciers can be found on every continent in the world. (B) Polar ice caps are the result of ice and snow compressing in a valley. (C) Ice caps can form on both mountains and volcanoes. (D) Polar ice caps exist on only two landmasses in the world. To solve this problem, make sure to clearly understand the difference between glacier terminologies. 2. Why does the author mention calving in paragraph 7? (A) To show the relationship between outlet glaciers and tidewater glaciers (B) To explain how icebergs are created (C) To demonstrate the importance in glacier movement (D) To refute the assumption that icebergs are formed by cracked glaciers What purpose does mentioning calving have on the main idea and purpose of the writing? 3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 8? (A) Glaciers are important to understand because they affect a region¡¯s amount of fresh water. (B) Glaciers can be used as a source of fresh water in of the event of water shortages. (C) Glaciers that are forming pose a danger to areas with higher temperatures as they could flood cooler areas. (D) Glaciers that melt will cause the sea level to rise, which will change coastal boundaries. If glacier ice were to melt and flood coastal areas, how will this affect the topography of the Earth? 1.B, 2.B, 3.D Vocabulary List float : v. ¶ß´Ù, ¶°´Ù´Ï´Ù / something is in the liquid, or just below the surface compress : v. ¾ÐÃàÇÏ´Ù / to press something or make it smaller fracture : n. (°¥¶óÁø) ±Ý / a slight crack or break in something lubricate : v. À±È°À¯¸¦ ¹Ù¸£´Ù / put a substance such as oil on it so that it moves friction : n. ¸¶Âû / the natural force that prevents one surface from sliding sediment : n. ħÀü¹°, ÅðÀû¹° / solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid debris : n. ÀÜÇØ / the piece of something that are left after it has been destroyed scour : v. ~À» ÀÌ·ç´Ù, ¸¸µé´Ù / to form by continuous movement over a long period layer : n. Ãþ / a piece of a material or substance that covers a surface drastically : adv. °ú°¨ÇÏ°Ô / extremely [¹ø¿ª Àü¹®] ºùÇÏ¿Í ºù»ê¿¡´Â Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ´ã¼öÀÇ ¾à 70 ÆÛ¼¾Æ®°¡ Àá°ÜÀÖ´Ù. 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